Zwitterionic polymers showing upper critical solution temperature behavior as draw solutes for forward osmosis

Abstract

We investigated the suitability of homopolymer with UCST characteristics as draw solutes for the FO process for the first time.

The Properties of Thermosensitive Zwitterionic Sulfobetaine NIPAM-<i>co</i>-DMAAPS Polymer and the Hydrogels: The Effects of Monomer Concentration on the Transition Temperature and Its Correlation with the Adsorption Behavior

“…All the chemical shifts in Fig. 7 are in good agreement with the literature, which shows that NIPAM-co-DMAAPS is indeed the target copolymer [21].…”

Thermo-responsive draw solute for forward osmosis process; poly(ionic liquid) having lower critical solution temperature characteristics

“…29 In previous studies, many researchers have proposed a variety of draw solutes of diverse classes such as non-stimuli-responsive draw solutes 10,[30][31][32][33][34] and stimuli-responsive draw solutes. [35][36][37][38][39][40] Recently, various stimuliresponsive draw solutes have been reported by many researchers. For example, there are many kinds of stimuliresponsive draw solutes such as CO 2 -responsive, 35,40 magneticresponsive, 36 salt-responsive, 37 and thermo-responsive draw solutes.…”

“…For example, there are many kinds of stimuliresponsive draw solutes such as CO 2 -responsive, 35,40 magneticresponsive, 36 salt-responsive, 37 and thermo-responsive draw solutes. 38,39,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47] One of them, the thermo-responsive draw solute, is attractive for separating the draw solute and pure water owing to its easy recovery via simple temperature control. Thermo-responsive draw solutes with either lower critical solution temperature (LCST) characteristic or upper critical solution temperature (UCST) characteristic can be applied, and these behaviors can be exploited to separate pure water and draw solute by controlling the solubility of the latter with temperature changes.…”

“…Thermo-responsive draw solutes with either lower critical solution temperature (LCST) characteristic or upper critical solution temperature (UCST) characteristic can be applied, and these behaviors can be exploited to separate pure water and draw solute by controlling the solubility of the latter with temperature changes. 36,[41][42][43][44][45] Many researchers have explored different types of thermo-responsive draw solutes having LCST and UCST characteristics for the FO process, which include homopolymers, 39,45 copolymers, 38 oligomers, 36,44 hydrogels, 46,47 nanoparticles, 48,49 and ionic liquids (ILs). The structures and thermo-responsive behaviors of ILs have been widely investigated over the decades.…”

Let There be Light: Polymeric Micelles with Upper Critical Solution Temperature as Light‐Triggered Heat Nanogenerators for Combating Drug‐Resistant Cancer

“…In contrast, polymeric micelles exhibiting an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) will be dissociated when the temperature is higher than UCST, leading to complete drug release, which might be more promising in drug delivery . The biomedical applications of UCST polymers are strongly impeded due to the sensitivity to ionic strengths and polymer concentrations as most of the UCST polymers were based on polyzwitterions . Recently, we synthesized a series of noncharged UCST‐type polymers with tunable cloud points based on copolymers of N ‐acryloylglycinamide and acrylonitrile, which were independent on ionic strengths and polymer concentrations .…”