β-CPP bioceramics in alginate 3D Scaffolds as a new material for mineralized tissue regeneration

Abstract

In the pursuit of tailored properties for applied bioceramics in bone graft applications, a personalized mixture of precursor base materials is crucial. Hydroxyapatite (HA), beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and versatile biopolymers serve as base materials to produce personalized mixtures, each presenting its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Combining these materials addresses limitations of individual components, but further improvements require exploring alternative base materials with distinct properties. This study introduces beta calcium pyrophosphate (β-CPP) as a valuable addition to the base materials, exhibiting intermediate biodegradation properties. When combined with biopolymer alginate, β-CPP enables the fabrication of personalized porous 3D scaffolds. Despite β-CPP being an unwanted by-product in mineralized tissue regeneration, this research demonstrates its innovative potential in stimulating cell interaction within porous 3D structures. The β-CPP/Alginate 3D Scaffold, with a 5:3 w/w ratio, significantly enhances mineralization activity compared to the control. This novel composite, showcasing interconnected cells throughout the 3D structure, presents a promising avenue for mineralized tissue regeneration. The study underscores the importance of optimizing both biodegradation and mechanical features in new bioceramics, highlighting β-CPP as a noteworthy candidate with potential commercial implications.