β‐<i>N</i>‐Methylamino‐<scp>l</scp>‐Alanine and (<i>S</i>)‐2,4‐Diaminobutyric Acid

Ploux, Olivier; Combès, Audrey; Eriksson, Johan; Metcalf, James S.

doi:10.1002/9781119068761.ch16

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Research on BMAA has intensively increased over the past decade, and now BMAA appears to be a cause of the Guamanian ALS and Parkinsonism Dementia Complex (PDC) [107]. BMAA was first isolated from a cycad on the island of Guam in 1967.…”

Section: Structural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diversity of Cyanobacterial Toxins on Structural Characterization, Distribution and Identification: A Systematic Review

Liu

Yuan

et al. 2019

Toxins

135

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The widespread distribution of cyanobacteria in the aquatic environment is increasing the risk of water pollution caused by cyanotoxins, which poses a serious threat to human health. However, the structural characterization, distribution and identification techniques of cyanotoxins have not been comprehensively reviewed in previous studies. This paper aims to elaborate the existing information systematically on the diversity of cyanotoxins to identify valuable research avenues. According to the chemical structure, cyanotoxins are mainly classified into cyclic peptides, alkaloids, lipopeptides, nonprotein amino acids and lipoglycans. In terms of global distribution, the amount of cyanotoxins are unbalanced in different areas. The diversity of cyanotoxins is more obviously found in many developed countries than that in undeveloped countries. Moreover, the threat of cyanotoxins has promoted the development of identification and detection technology. Many emerging methods have been developed to detect cyanotoxins in the environment. This communication provides a comprehensive review of the diversity of cyanotoxins, and the detection and identification technology was discussed. This detailed information will be a valuable resource for identifying the various types of cyanotoxins which threaten the environment of different areas. The ability to accurately identify specific cyanotoxins is an obvious and essential aspect of cyanobacterial research.

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Section: Structural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diversity of Cyanobacterial Toxins on Structural Characterization, Distribution and Identification: A Systematic Review

Liu

Yuan

et al. 2019

Toxins

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid ( Fig. 2) reported to be present in terrestrial and marine, free-living and plant symbiotic cyanobacteria including Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermopsis, Microcystis and Nodularia [22]. The possible association of BMAA with several neurotoxic outcomes is discussed in the literature, e.g., by Ploux et al [22] and references cited therein.…”

Section: β-N-methylamino-l-alaninementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since MC-LR was expected to be unaffected in the studied pH range, the •OH concentration was assumed to be reduced under alkaline pH due to reaction with OH − [109]. The concentrations (22) of the formed reactive species can also be increased by higher gas flow rates [115].…”

Section: Non-thermal Plasmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of cyanobacterial toxins from drinking water

Schneider

Bláha

2020

Environ Sci Eur

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Drinking water production faces many different challenges with one of them being naturally produced cyanobacterial toxins. Since pollutants become more abundant and persistent today, conventional water treatment is often no longer sufficient to provide adequate removal. Among other emerging technologies, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have a great potential to appropriately tackle this issue. This review addresses the economic and health risks posed by cyanotoxins and discusses their removal from drinking water by AOPs. The current state of knowledge on AOPs and their application for cyanotoxin degradation is synthesized to provide an overview on available techniques and effects of water quality, toxin-and technique-specific parameters on their degradation efficacy. The different AOPs are compared based on their efficiency and applicability, considering economic, practical and environmental aspects and their potential to generate toxic disinfection byproducts. For future research, more relevant studies to include the degradation of less-explored cyanotoxins, toxin mixtures in actual surface water, assessment of residual toxicity and scale-up are recommended. Since actual surface water most likely contains more than just cyanotoxins, a multi-barrier approach consisting of a series of different physical, biological and chemical-especially oxidativetreatment steps is inevitable to ensure safe and high-quality drinking water.

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“…One interesting compound in the spectrum of cyanobacterial metabolites is the nonproteinogenic amino acid β-N-methylamino-L-alanine, abbreviated BMAA. This compound, according to systematic chemical nomenclature (S)-2-amino-3-methylaminopropanoic acid (L-BMAA), has the natural isomers (S)-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (L-DAB), N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine (AEG) and β-amino-N-methylalanine (BAMA) [5]. This review concentrates on BMAA which is the best characterised of the compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Neurotoxin β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) as a Widely Occurring Putative Pathogenic Factor in Neurodegenerative Diseases

et al. 2022

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In the present review we have discussed the occurrence of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and its natural isomers, and the organisms and sample types in which the toxin(s) have been detected. Further, the review discusses general pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, and how modes of action of BMAA fit in those mechanisms. The biogeography of BMAA occurrence presented here contributes to the planning of epidemiological research based on the geographical distribution of BMAA and human exposure. Analysis of BMAA mechanisms in relation to pathogenic processes of neurodegeneration is used to critically assess the potential significance of the amino acid as well as to identify gaps in our understanding. Taken together, these two approaches provide the basis for the discussion on the potential role of BMAA as a secondary factor in neurodegenerative diseases, the rationale for further research and possible directions the research can take, which are outlined in the conclusions.

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β‐N‐Methylamino‐l‐Alanine and (S)‐2,4‐Diaminobutyric Acid

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

The Diversity of Cyanobacterial Toxins on Structural Characterization, Distribution and Identification: A Systematic Review

The Diversity of Cyanobacterial Toxins on Structural Characterization, Distribution and Identification: A Systematic Review

Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of cyanobacterial toxins from drinking water

Environmental Neurotoxin β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) as a Widely Occurring Putative Pathogenic Factor in Neurodegenerative Diseases

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