σ70 and PhoB activator

Canals, Albert; Blanco, Alexandre G.; Coll, Miquel

doi:10.4161/trns.20444

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The β-hairpin wing mediates several minor groove interactions, mostly with less conserved A/T residues. These short Pho box sequences are located upstream of Pho regulon genes to recruit RNA polymerase and initiate transcription by remodeling the RNA polymerase holoenzyme-DNA complex (26,30,98…”

Section: Phobmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bound PhoB interacts with the σ 4 domain of the σ 70 subunit of RNA polymerase to recruit the enzyme to the chromosome. A crystal structure of a PhoB/σ 4 /Pho box complex suggests that σ 4 makes contacts with the upstream PhoB protomer within a PhoB dimer and residues within the major groove of DNA and that PhoB may help to remodel the ternary complex to facilitate open complex formation and transcription initiation (98,102).…”

Section: Activation Of Phob By Phosphorylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control of the phoBR Regulon in Escherichia coli

Gardner

McCleary

2019

EcoSal Plus

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Phosphorus is required for many biological molecules and essential functions, including DNA replication, transcription of RNA, protein translation, posttranslational modifications, and numerous facets of metabolism. In order to maintain the proper level of phosphate for these processes, many bacteria adapt to changes in environmental phosphate levels. The mechanisms for sensing phosphate levels and adapting to changes have been extensively studied for multiple organisms. The phosphate response of Escherichia coli alters the expression of numerous genes, many of which are involved in the acquisition and scavenging of phosphate more efficiently. This review shares findings on the mechanisms by which E. coli cells sense and respond to changes in environmental inorganic phosphate concentrations by reviewing the genes and proteins that regulate this response. The PhoR/PhoB two-component signal transduction system is central to this process and works in association with the high-affinity phosphate transporter encoded by the pstSCAB genes and the PhoU protein. Multiple models to explain how this process is regulated are discussed.

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Section: Phobmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Activation Of Phob By Phosphorylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the phoBR Regulon in Escherichia coli

Gardner

McCleary

2019

EcoSal Plus

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“…As evident from structural studies, the interaction of PhoB with σ 70 causes a reorientation of the β-flap tip helix and σ4 domain of σ 70 in the surroundings of the nascent RNA exit channel, suggesting that the remodeling of RNAP might alter its opening to facilitate the exit of the mRNA, thus reducing the probability of abortive transcription [ 29 , 73 ]. The activation of this type is highly similar to a eukaryotic system known for housekeeping genes, where activator sites are close to the core promoter and where fast RNAP turnover takes place.…”

Section: Enhancer-like Mechanisms In Eubacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Regulated Transcription

Bylino

Ibragimov

Shidlovskii

2020

Cells

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The genomes of all organisms abound with various cis-regulatory elements, which control gene activity. Transcriptional enhancers are a key group of such elements in eukaryotes and are DNA regions that form physical contacts with gene promoters and precisely orchestrate gene expression programs. Here, we follow gradual evolution of this regulatory system and discuss its features in different organisms. In eubacteria, an enhancer-like element is often a single regulatory element, is usually proximal to the core promoter, and is occupied by one or a few activators. Activation of gene expression in archaea is accompanied by the recruitment of an activator to several enhancer-like sites in the upstream promoter region. In eukaryotes, activation of expression is accompanied by the recruitment of activators to multiple enhancers, which may be distant from the core promoter, and the activators act through coactivators. The role of the general DNA architecture in transcription control increases in evolution. As a whole, it can be seen that enhancers of multicellular eukaryotes evolved from the corresponding prototypic enhancer-like regulatory elements with the gradually increasing genome size of organisms.

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“…When PhoB becomes phosphorylated, it forms a dimer that binds to DNA sequences, called pho boxes [17,[53][54][55]. These short sequences are located upstream of Pho regulon genes to recruit RNA polymerase and initiate transcription by remodeling the RNA polymerase holoenzyme-DNA complex [53,54,56].…”

Section: Phob and Phor-the Transcription Factor And The Histidine Kinasementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms of Phosphate Homeostasis in <i>Escherichia coli</i>

McCleary¹

2017

≪i>Escherichia Coli

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Life's processes absolutely require inorganic phosphate for structural and energetic purposes. Escherichia coli has developed sophisticated mechanisms to acquire phosphate and to maintain intracellular amounts at optimal levels. The processes by which these simple cells maintain stable intracellular concentrations of phosphate are termed phosphate homeostasis, which involves mechanisms to balance the import, assimilation, sequestration, and export of phosphate. This chapter introduces the proteins involved in phosphate homeostasis and reviews information concerning the multiple phosphate transporters and the mechanisms by which they are regulated. It also introduces new concepts of how this bacterium responds to elevated extracellular levels of phosphate and presents a model for the integration of all of these processes to achieve homeostasis. The predominant importers are PitA, PitB, and the PstSCAB complex. Assimilation, or the incorporation of Pi into organic molecules, occurs primarily through the formation of ATP. Gene regulation relies on the PhoB/PhoR two-component system and the formation of a signaling complex at the membrane. The amount of intracellular phosphate can be fine-tuned through the formation or degradation of polyphosphate. Polyphosphate formation requires adequate supplies of ATP. In addition, when intracellular phosphate levels become too high, phosphate can be exported through PitA, PitB, or the YjbB transporters.

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σ70 and PhoB activator

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Control of the phoBR Regulon in Escherichia coli

Control of the phoBR Regulon in Escherichia coli

Evolution of Regulated Transcription

Molecular Mechanisms of Phosphate Homeostasis in <i>Escherichia coli</i>

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