Деякі Мікроморфологічні Особливості Atocion Lithuanicum (Zapał.) Tzvel. Та A. Armeria (L.) Raf. Флори України

Abstract

<p><em>Atocion lithuanicum</em> (Zapał.) Tzvel. (basionym <em>Silene</em><em> </em><em>lithuanica</em> Zapał.) is an endemic species of the Polesie, related and morphologically similar to <em>A. armeria </em>(L.) Raf.<em>, </em>which naturally occurs in Central and Southern Europe, but is widely cultivated. In Ukraine <em>A. lithuanicum</em> is considered as separate species and included in different issues of nature conservation, but in Europe it is listed as synonym or variety of <em>A. armeria</em>. Thus, the purpose of our investigation was to examine micromorphological features of these taxa to distinguish them. Pollen grains, seeds and leaf surfaces of both <em>Atocion</em><em> </em><em>lithuanicum</em> and <em>A. armeria</em> (L.) Raf. were investigated by scanning electron microscopy.</p> <p>Palynological distinctions between these taxa are associated with the ultrastructure of pollen grains, such as margin of a pollen (smooth or undulate), diameter of pores (3,04-5,22 (3,96±0,57) or 2,62-4,15 (3,47±0,32) µm), microechinate number on the pore (11-20 (25) or 7-14), exine ornamentation (acute, broadly conical spinule or obtuse spinule) and perforation diameter (0,1 or 0,2-0,3 µm).</p> <p>Seed characteristics such as dimensions (350-570 х 450-630 (468,78±49,2 х 544,84±51,39) in <em>A. lithuanicum</em> or 480-670 х 600-800 (595,67±48,04 х 706,67± 50,26) µm in <em>A. armeria</em>), shape (reniform-circular or reniform-triangular and reniform-circular), dimensions of exotesta cells in distal row (69-160 х 13-28,6 (116,52±21,9 х 20,72±3,99) or 95,6-202,7 х 7,8-40,5 (143,31±27,3 х 28,76±5,05) µm), the number of anticlinal wall teeth (15-24 or 19-29), papilla presence on periclinal wall of lateral and dorsal surfaces (common absent or scarce weakly expressed in <em>A. lithuanicum</em> or usually strongly expressed in <em>A. armeria</em>) also differ these taxa.</p> <p>Epicuticular wax projections are of different size and shape even on the same lamina, so no significant differences in the leaf surface microcharacteristics were observed.</p> <p>Thereby, new micromorphological distinctions associated with the ultrastructure of pollen grains and the seeds were demonstrated, which allows to distinguish these taxa.</p> <p><em>Key words: </em><em>Atocion</em><em> </em><em>lithuanicum</em><em>, </em><em>A. armeria, </em><em>S</em><em>ЕМ, </em><em>pollen, seed, lamina</em></p>

Differences of Atocion lithuanicum from A. armeria (Sileneae, Caryophyllaceae) and their hybrid by ITS1-ITS2 sequences and secondary structure of their transcripts

“…Specimens of both species are in full compliance with morphological descriptions provided in the literature petals with a less distinguished notch, and smaller seeds without papillae (Klokov, 1952;Fedoronchuk, 1997;Martynyuk et al, 2015).…”

“…Moreover, A. lithuanicum differs from A. armeria morphologically: it has exclusively erect stems furcated in their upper parts, a rosette of thickened leaves at the stem base, narrower leaves (2-15 vs. 10-30 mm) with adaxially folded margins, longer carpophores (8-10 vs. 6.5-8 mm) and capsules (6.5-8 vs. 8-10 mm), and also petals with less distinguished notch (Zapałowicz, 1911;Klokov, 1952;Fedoronchuk, 1997). There are also distinctions in ultrastructure of pollen grains: the diameter of pores (3.04-5.22 µm in A. lithuanicum vs. 2.62-4.15 µm in A. armeria), microechinate number of the pore (11-20 (25) vs. 7-14) and the shape of spinules on exine (acute or obtuse) (Martynyuk et al, 2015). Distinctions in seed morphology are associated with the seed size (350-570 × 450-630 µm for A. lithuanicum vs. 480-670 × 600-800 µm for A. armeria), dimensions of exotesta cells in the distal row of the lateral surface (69-160 × 13-28.6 vs. 95.6-202.7 × 7.8-40.5 µm), the number of anticlinal wall teeth (15-24 vs 19-29) and absent or scarce subtle papilla on exotesta periclinal walls in A. lithuanicum as compared to clearly distinct ones in A. armeria (Martynyuk et al, 2015).…”

“…There are also distinctions in ultrastructure of pollen grains: the diameter of pores (3.04-5.22 µm in A. lithuanicum vs. 2.62-4.15 µm in A. armeria), microechinate number of the pore (11-20 (25) vs. 7-14) and the shape of spinules on exine (acute or obtuse) (Martynyuk et al, 2015). Distinctions in seed morphology are associated with the seed size (350-570 × 450-630 µm for A. lithuanicum vs. 480-670 × 600-800 µm for A. armeria), dimensions of exotesta cells in the distal row of the lateral surface (69-160 × 13-28.6 vs. 95.6-202.7 × 7.8-40.5 µm), the number of anticlinal wall teeth (15-24 vs 19-29) and absent or scarce subtle papilla on exotesta periclinal walls in A. lithuanicum as compared to clearly distinct ones in A. armeria (Martynyuk et al, 2015).…”