The treatment of thoracolumbar fractures remains controversial. A review of the literature showed that short-segment posterior fixation (SSPF) alone led to a high incidence of implant failure and correction loss. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the outcomes of the SS- and long-segment posterior fixation (LSPF) in unstable thoracolumbar junction burst fractures (T12-L2) in Magerl Type A fractures. The patients were divided into two groups according to the number of instrumented levels. Group I included 32 patients treated by SSPF (four screws: one level above and below the fracture), and Group II included 31 patients treated by LSPF (eight screws: two levels above and below the fracture). Clinical outcomes and radiological parameters (sagittal index, SI; and canal compromise, CC) were compared according to demographic features, localizations, load-sharing classification (LSC) and Magerl subgroups, statistically. The fractures with more than 10 degrees correction loss at sagittal plane were analyzed in each group. The groups were similar with regard to age, gender, LSC, SI, and CC preoperatively. The mean follow-ups were similar for both groups, 36 and 33 months, respectively. In Group II, the correction values of SI, and CC were more significant than in Group I. More than 10 degrees correction loss occurred in six of the 32 fractures in Group I and in two of the 31 patients in Group II. SSPF was found inadequate in patients with high load sharing scores. Although radiological outcomes (SI and CC remodeling) were better in Group II for all fracture types and localizations, the clinical outcomes (according to Denis functional scores) were similar except Magerl type A33 fractures. We recommend that, especially in patients, who need more mobility, with LSC point 7 or less with Magerl Type A31 and A32 fractures (LSC point 6 or less in Magerl Type A3.3) without neurological deficit, SSPF achieves adequate fixation, without implant failure and correction loss. In Magerl Type A33 fractures with LSC point 7 or more (LSC points 8-9 in Magerl Type A31 and A32) without severe neurologic deficit, LSPF is more beneficial.

The results of closed and open reduction via posterior approach with percutaneous pinning of posteromedial displaced supracondylar humerus fractures in children were evaluated. Fifty-five consecutive patients with Gartland type III fractures were reviewed. The mean follow-up period was 22 months (12-48 months). The closed reduction group consisted of 32 patients and the open reduction group with the posterior approach using the triceps-sparing method consisted of 23 patients. Both groups were stabilized with cross Kirschner wire fixation and followed the same protocol. In comparison with closed reduction, despite the fact that better bone alignment was obtained with open reduction, longer union time (7 vs. 5.8 weeks), significantly reduced range of motion of the elbow (12.3 degrees vs. 3.8 degrees), poorer functional outcomes and bad cosmetics because of hypertrophic scar tissue of the skin were found. The patients were analyzed according to their Bauman angle and Flynn criteria: good or excellent functional and cosmetic results were 91% in the closed reduction group but 52% in the open reduction group. On the basis of results of this study, closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of the posteromedial totally displaced fractures are preferable to open reduction with posterior approach.

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The purpose of this study was to examine whether application of a pneumatic tourniquet to the lower extremity during open reduction and internal fixation of malleolar fractures had an effect on the intensity of postoperative pain or not. It was found in males and patients older than 30 years of age that postoperative pain with tourniquet use was harder to control compared with others not in these groups.