BackgroundAdvances in perinatal and neonatal care have substantially improved the survival of at-risk infants over the past two decades.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Bayley Scales of infant and toddler developmental Screening test in Persian-speaking children.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional prospective study of 403 children aged 1 - 42-months. The Bayley scales screening instrument, which consists of five domains (cognitive, receptive, and expressive communication and fine and gross motor items), was used to measure infants’ and toddlers’ development. The psychometric properties examined included the face and content validity of the scale, in addition to cultural and linguistic modifications to the scale and its test-retest and inter-rater reliability.ResultsAn expert team changed some of the test items relating to cultural and linguistic issues. In almost all the age groups, cultural or linguistic changes were made to items in the communication domains. According to Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency, the reliability of the cognitive scale was r = 0.79, and the reliability of the receptive scale was r = 0.76. The reliability for expressive communication, fine motor, and gross motor scales was r = 0.81, r = 0.80, and r = 0.81, respectively. The construct validity of the tests was confirmed using a factor analysis and comparison of the mean scores of the age groups. The intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of the Bayley Scales were good-to-excellent.ConclusionsThe results indicated that the Bayley Scales had a high level of reliability in the present study. Thus, the scale can be used in a Persian population.

Background: The estimated prevalence of mental health disorders in children and adolescents is between 10% and 20%. Furthermore, a quarter of very premature infants exhibit socioemotional delays in infancy and childhood. The objective of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of Greenspan social-emotional growth chart (GSEGC) in Persian children aged 1–42 months. Materials and Methods: After translation procedures, the face validity, content validity, construct validity, test–retest reliability, and internal consistency of the GSEGC questionnaire were evaluated. The quality of translating items was obtained using the suggestions of the research group. The face validity of the GSEGC was performed by interviewing with 10 mothers in the target group. To evaluate content validity quantitatively, content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were used after reviewing the face and content validity and pilot study, 264 parents of children aged 1–42 months completed the GSEGC questionnaire to assess the construct validity and internal consistency. In order to determine the test-retest reliability, after 2 weeks, 18 parents completed the questionnaire again. Results: Eleven questions were changed according to the interviews (questions 1–6, 9–11, and 15–16). The lowest CVR was related to items 30 and 20 (0.636), and other items had an acceptable CVR. The lowest CVI value was related to item 1 of clarity and simplicity (0.818), and other items had an acceptable CVI. Intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.988 for all items of questionnaire. Furthermore, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.952 for all items. In factor analysis, two factors were extracted from the items in questionnaire. Conclusion: The Persian version of GSEGC questionnaire has acceptable face, content and, constructs validity, test-retest reliability and high internal consistency in the target population. Therefore, the Persian version of the GSEGC can be used as a tool to assess 1–42 months sensory processing and socio-emotional development.

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Objective: The children develop in several domains, including motor, cognitive, communication and social-emotional. The first few years of life are particularly important because vital development occurs in all domains. Early detection of developmental delays is essential in planning for early intervention. The aim of this study was to standardization of the Bayley scales of infant development in 1- 42 months old Iranian children. Materials & methods: The standardization sample for this study included 1700 children divided into 17 age groups. Each age group was composed of 100 participants. The normative information was based on a national sample representative of the Iran population for infants 1 through 42 months old in Iran Statistical Center. For each age group, the total raw scores of each scale including; cognitive, receptive and expressive communication, fine and gross motor, were converted to scaled scores with a mean of 10 and a standard deviation (SD) of 3. The composite scores (cognitive, language and motor) derived from sums of scales scaled scores. The composite scores are scaled to a metric with a mean of 100 and a SD of 15, and range from 40-160. Growth scores (range from 200-800, with a mean of 500 and a SD of 100), percentile ranks (range from 1-99, with 50 as the mean and median) and developmental age equivalent determind. Confidence intervals for all five scales and the relevant curves were drawn. In order to compare the level of development of the United State (normative sample) and Iranian children, their mean raw scores in five scales were compaired for difference in scores. Results: The Bayley was performed on 1744 children aged 0-42 months. The number of girls and boys were 908 (52.1%) and 836 (47.9%) respectively. Comparing the level of development of Iranian children with the US sample, the mean scores in 28 age groups were different (Pvalue<0.05). In seven age/scale, the US scores were higher than in Iranian sample (less than 6 months age band), and in 21 age/scale, the scores of Iranian sample were higher than the US (above 6 months age band). Conclusion: In order to early detection and intervention of children with developmental delay, normalized test should be used in Iran. Using the US norms in Iranian children leads to inaccuracy in early detection of children with developmental delay.