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LCA allocation procedure used as an incitative method for waste recycling : An application to mineral additions in concrete.This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited.In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t Waste recycling avoids waste landfilling and all associated releases. It also allows for saving nonrenewable resources. However, the new commercial interest for waste can be seen as a shift in their status from waste to co-product. This has important consequences for environmental load allocation between the different industrial products (and co-products) in industrial plants. In this paper, the specific case of cement has been studied. Actually, to reduce the environmental impact of cement and concrete, industries have been engaged over the last 10 years to increase the replacement of Portland cement by alternative cementitious materials that are principally industrial waste or by-products. In this study, the environmental impacts of two different Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM), blast furnace slag and fly ash, are considered using Life Cycle Assessment methodology through a study of the influence of different allocation procedures on environmental impacts of SCM in concrete. Three allocation procedures are tested. In the first one, which is the current practice, no allocations are done. As for the two others, the environmental burdens of the system are respectively associated with the relative mass and some current economic values of the co-products and products. The results are discussed according to the specificity of the cement substitution products (SCM) and the driving forces that are identified for the use of these co-products. Then, a description investigation of another allocation procedure is proposed based on the fact that it is not the relative economic value that permits to evaluate the environmental burdens but the contrary. This last allocation procedure could be generalised for other waste recycling and be used as a regulation tool between the different industrial branches.

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The purpose of this paper is twofold : to investigate the problems involved when performing an environmental assessment of various pavements structures and to establish the method applied to solutions proposed by official French guidelines. This assessment will be performed by employing the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology specifically adapted to road pavements through a parametric environmental evaluation tool developed by LCPC: ERM (elementary road modulus). The paper will also detail the assessment methodology using this same ERM method. The issues of resources conservation and waste allocation will be examined for the case of blast furnace slag (BFS) recycling. Special focus will be placed on the sensitivity of environmental indicators as regards to the waste allocation procedure implemented in the ERM. Two distinct mass ratios (0% and 20%) of steel production have been assigned to BFS and tested on indicators results as hypotheses H1 and H2, respectively. Classical indicators have been calculated using a simplified model to allocate output flows into several impact categories. Results show that the structure using BFS contributes to saving binder extracted from natural resources, yet also consumes a larger mass of natural aggregates. All indicators except for toxicity were found to be very sensitive to the choice of H1 or H2 hypotheses