Pathologic evaluation of the appendix after appendectomy is routine and can occasionally identify unexpected findings. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence and type of pathologic diagnoses found in appendectomy specimens at our institution. The clinicopathological data of 1627 patients who underwent appendectomies for presumed acute appendicitis from January 2008 to October 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 986 men and 641 women (sex ratio M/F=1.5) aged between 16 months and 90 years (mean=30 years). All patients underwent appendectomy (either open or laparoscopic). Histological examination of the surgical specimen showed acute inflammation of the appendix in 1455 cases (89.42 %), fibrosed appendix in 37 cases (2.27 %), and Enterobius vermicularis (n=23). In 101 cases (6.2 %), the appendix was histologically normal. Incidental unexpected pathological diagnoses were noted in 57 appendectomy specimens. They included pinworm (n= 23), mucinous neoplasms (n=12), neuroendocrine tumors (NET) (n=8), adenocarcinoma (n=2), granulomatous inflammation (n=5), tuberculosis (n=2), hyperplastic polyp (n=1), tubular adenoma (n=1), diverticulitis (n=1), endometriosis (n=1), and actinomycosis (n=1). The routine histopathological examination of the appendix is of value for identifying unsuspected conditions requiring further postoperative management. Gross examination alone does not appear to be a good indicator of an unexpected finding on microscopic exam. It is recommended that in order to avoid misdiagnoses, all appendices should be histopathologically examined.

Based on our histological findings, an osteoblastic metaplasia seems to be a possible pathogenic theory. This metaplasia seems to be secondary to a chronic inflammation. Concerning therapeutic procedures, they are non consensual and debated and are based on surgical or medical treatment. More reports are needed in order to assess the therapeutic management of this disease and its inducing factors.

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