A new convenient and versatile halogenating system (R 4 NHal/ NOHSO 4 ), giving straightforward and general access to halogenated 3,5diaryl-and alkylarylisoxazoles, pyrazoles and electron-rich benzenes from the corresponding scaffolds, is suggested. The method provides excellent regioselectivity, scalability to the gram scale, and a broad scope for both aromatics and halogens. A three-step, one-pot reaction protocol was developed, and a series of 3,5-diaryl-4-haloisoxazoles has been efficiently synthesized from 1,2-diarylcyclopropanes under suggested nitrosating− halogenating conditions.

Background. The novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 can be manifested by damage to the organs of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Damage to the gastrointestinal tract by the SARS-CoV-2 virus leads to a violation of the microbial-tissue complex of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract. A common gastroenterological manifestation of COVID-19 is diarrhea. Aim. Study of the clinical features of gastroenterological disorders and the possibility of optimizing the treatment of diarrheal syndrome in patients with COVID-19 with a mild form of viral infection. Materials and methods. The observation group consisted of 230 patients with mild COVID-19: K-group (n=115) with respiratory symptoms, I group (n=115) with gastrointestinal manifestations in combination and without signs of respiratory damage. In order to compare the effectiveness of treatment of diarrheal syndrome, patients of group I are randomized into 2 subgroups: Ia (n=58) prebiotic treatment (Zacofalk) and Ib (n=57) enterosorbents. Results. The development of gastrointestinal symptoms with SARS-CoV-2 infection is significantly more often noted in comorbid patients (67%). Gastrointestinal symptoms were dominated by diarrhea (93.9%) and flatulence (76.5%), in 1/3 of patients they were the first manifestos of infection. It was established that in 98.4% of patients of group I (against 42.6% of the K-group) signs of infectious intoxication were detected. In patients with gastrointestinal lesions, an elongation of the febrile period by 91.5 days was noted, a later (6 days) verification of the viral etiology of the disease. It was found that in patients of group I, the regression of clinical symptoms, the duration of viral disease, the dynamics of antibody formation, the prognosis for the development of IBS-like disorders in the post-infectious period depended on the treatment. In patients taking (Zacofalk), these indicators were significantly better. Conclusion. In mild cases, to reduce the severity of viral intestinal damage, for effective relief of intestinal symptoms, to reduce the risk of IBS-like symptoms, it is advisable to prescribe (Zacofalk) in an initial dose of 3 tablets per day.

Introduction. In recent years, diarrheal syndrome is the most common clinically significant negative effect of the antibiotic therapy (ABT), which constitutes a first-priority medical and social problem. The prescription of any antibiotic for any duration of treatment may cause a potential risk of developing antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). In that regard, there is a need for the systematization of the main pathogenetic aspects of the deveopment of AAD and the rationale for the use of probiotics to prevent its development and treatment. Aim. To conduct a comparative evaluation of the efficacy, adherence and tolerability of a synbiotic Floriosa containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-04, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14, Lactobacillus rhamnosus Lr-32, inulin, B vitamins, and an eubiotic Bifiform containing Enterococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium longum for the prevention of the development of AAD during and after the use of ABT in inpatients. Materials and methods. A total of 60 patients, which was used for the ABT in the hospital settings, were included in the study: the 1st group (30 patients) received a synbiotic, the 2nd group (30 patients) received an eubiotic. The efficacy of the preventive administration of drugs was assessed by Day 12 and 28 of the therapy. The methods included the patients’ assessment of the efficacy and satisfaction with treatment, an assay of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces via gas-liquid chromatography and a Clostridium difficile Toxin A + B rapid test. Results. No cases of AAD were detected in both groups. The study drugs were comparable in terms of their efficacy assessment by the doctor and patients. A trend towards a higher assessment of the therapeutic effect and satisfaction with synbiotic therapy was observed. Changes in the absolute and relative content of SCFAs in the patients’ feces from the baseline level were established. More pronounced positive changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of acids due to the treatment were identified in the patients who received the synbiotic and had more than 3 risk factors. Conclusions. The synbiotic Floriosa and probiotic Bifiform are effective drugs to prevent AAD. The synbiotic has advantages in terms of the overall assessment of the efficacy of the treatment and patient satisfaction, provides a pronounced protective effect on the intestinal microbiocenosis status during and after the ABT (as evidenced by the changes in SCFAs level in the feces), can be the drug of choice for the prevention of AAD, including AAD associated with C. difficile in individuals with more than 3 risk factors for the development of AAD.

Purpose. Scientific substantiation of methodological approaches to the development of a “quality of life” (QoL) questionnaire after cataract phacoemulsification (PEC) in patients with visually stressful work (VLT), based on a “medico-social” health model.Methods. The study was carried out on the basis of methodological standards for the development of new tools for assessing symptoms in clinical medicine developed by specialists from the International Center for the Study of Quality of Life (St. Petersburg). This article presents the first stage of development aimed at the formation of a preliminary version of the questionnaire. The initial volume of questions (complaints) of the patient was carried out in the following areas: individual interviews (according to the standard developed methodology) with 50 patients with ZNT; analysis of proven methods for studying QOL in cataracts (“NEI-VFQ”, “Cataract Symptom Scale”, “Catquest-9SF”, etc.); analysis of proven methods for studying QoL in keratorefractive surgery and asthenopic conditions in patients with RNT; analysis of the classification structure of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) from the standpoint of the development of characteristic “domains”.Results. The data obtained indicate that a total of 35 patient complaints were identified (7 — “visual”; 6 — “professional”; 16 — “functional”; 4 — “household”; 4 — “medical and psychological”). The fundamental difference between the development of the methodology for assessing the patient’s QoL after performing PE is the use of a “social model” of health, which confirms the leading (46 % of all complaints) place for “functional” manifestations of the patient’s subjective status, based on specific “domains” of the ICF. Along with this, the practical application of the basic provisions of the ICF involves scaling the severity of the patient’s complaints in the context of the ratio of the duration of the complaint to the total active time of the patient with a gradation: “Mild problems” (5–24 %); “Moderate problems” (25–49 %); “Severe problems” (50–95 %); “Absolute problems” (96–100 %).Conclusion. The results of the first stage of the development of the patient’s QoL questionnaire after the FEC testify to the compliance with clinical standards in terms of content validity, since the questions, scales and general content reflect the significance for the patient and important parameters from a clinical and functional point of view. A distinctive feature and scientific novelty of the questionnaire is the use of a “social model” of health based on the development of “domains” of the international classification of functioning, as well as optimization of the procedure for scaling patient responses.