The agriculture sector is the principal source of income for around 20% of the EU-26 population, which live in predominantly rural regions that would be devastated without its contribution. Moreover, the combined agricultural and food sector forms an important part of the EU economy, accounting for 15 million jobs (8.3% of total employment) and 4.4% of GDP ((Europedia 2016). The 12 million active farmers across Europe today, have an average farm size of about 15 hectares, and are expected to meet the needs of 500 million Europeans. In addition, they are also expected to promote a sustainable and balanced development of their land, also in areas where production conditions are difficult. Yet, despite the relevance of the sector, the use of land for agriculture purposes is not very sustainable. Among other issues, there is a serious problem in respect of the abandonment of agricultural land. Based on the perceived need for research on this topic, the aim of this paper is to examine the causes and consequences of agricultural land abandonment, outlining its social, economic and environmental impacts, as well as the implications for territorial integration. 2

21 6 Cattle herder, 5321 Kunmadaras, Széchenyi u. 7., Hungary 22 7 Shepherd, 4251 Hajdúsámson, Liszt Ferenc u. 9., Hungary 23 Abstract 29Wetlands are fragile, dynamic systems, transient at larger temporal scales and strongly affected 30 by long-term human activities. Sustaining at least some aspects of human management, particularly 31 traditional grazing, would be especially important as a way of maintaining the "necessary" 32 disturbances for many endangered species. Traditional ecological knowledge represents an important 33 source of information for erstwhile management practices. Our objective was to review historical 34 traditional knowledge on wetland grazing and the resulting vegetation response in order to assess 35 their relevance to biodiversity conservation. 36 We studied the Pannonian biogeographic region and its neighborhood in Central Europe and 37 searched ethnographic, local historical, early botanical, and agrarian sources for historical traditional 38 knowledge in online databases and books. The findings were analyzed and interpreted by scientist, 39 nature conservationist and traditional knowledge holder (herder) co-authors alike. 40 Among the historical sources reviewed, we found 420 records on traditional wetland grazing, 41 mainly from the period 1720-1970. Data showed that wetlands in the region served as basic grazing 42 areas, particularly for cattle and pigs. We found more than 500 mentions of habitat categories and 43 383 mentions of plants consumed by livestock. The most important reasons for keeping livestock on 44 wetlands were grazing, stock wintering, and surviving forage gap periods in early spring or mid-late 45 summer. Besides grazing, other commonly mentioned effects on vegetation were trampling and 46 uprooting. The important outcomes were vegetation becoming patchy and remaining low in height, 47 tall-growing dominant species being suppressed, litter being removed, and microhabitats being 48 created such as open surfaces of mud and water. 49 These historical sources lay firm foundations for developing innovative nature conservation 50 management methods. Traditional herders still holding wetland management knowledge could 51 contribute to this process when done in a participatory way, fostering knowledge co-production. 52 53 3 Keywords: effect of livestock grazing, knowledge gap, knowledge co-production, traditional 54 ecological knowledge, vegetation structure 55 56

There are many definitions for the term Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), but it can broadly be understood as a commitment that an organization must have towards society, expressed through actions and attitudes that affect it positively. In Latin America, in particular, this topic is still in maturing phase and few companies can actually develop CSR practices integrated into their management system. This paper aims to present CSR projects developed by a Brazilian aircraft manufacturer, Embraer, considered a reference in sustainable management practices and also verify if these activities are integrated into the company's management model in a mature way, as proposed by the literature. The research method was a 2 case study with semi-structured interviews with employees responsible for the institute's management that coordinated the projects. The results identified projects developed in six main areas: excellence in education, social partnership programs, entrepreneurship, corporate social responsibility, volunteering and preservation of the history of the Brazilian aeronautics industry. All these projects are exemplary managed and critically analyzed in relation to aggregation of value they provide to society, thus ensuring excellent results. As a conclusion of the survey, it was observed that Embraer has integrated the CSR practices with other existing management systems in a harmonious and mature form. Finally, the scientific value of this research lies in the presentation of CSR practices developed by one of the most important companies in Brazil, with a management system directed to excellence. Other companies and researchers can use these practices as a benchmark.

Milk is a food of high nutritional value processed by heat treatment. Heat treatment of milk is a technological process designed to inhibit the growth of microorganisms and extend the shelf life of products. The heating process directly affects the molecular structure of whey proteins by the process of denaturation. It leads to the formation of a whey protein–casein polymer complex. Based on these facts, milk heat-treatment conditions should be controlled during milk processing. This work focuses on describing the whey protein denaturation process and formation of the complex of whey protein with casein. The effect of heat treatment on individual milk protein fractions alpha-casein (α-cas), beta-casein (β-cas), kappa-casein (κ-cas), beta-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and alpha-lactalbumin (α-la) was studied by SDS-PAGE. Formation of the whey protein–casein polymer complex increased significantly (p < 0.05) on increasing the temperature and duration of the heat treatment.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of gas transit pipeline temperature on soil moisture, soil temperature and yield of harvest crops. The study area was located in the village Ivanka pri Nitre (Nitra District, Southwestern Slovakia). Soil type in the site is Orthic Brown Chernozem. Temperature of the transported gas increased the soil temperature in the range of 2.07°C to 3.4°C measured in a depth ranging from 250 mm to 350 mm above the gas lines. The temperature also reduced soil moisture by 1.27‒3.18 percentiles of weight. Yield of the winter wheat grown above the gas lines was higher by 9.40% in 2004 and by 13.06% in 2006. Yield of the sunflower grown above the gas lines was higher by 8.05% in 2005. In treatment 1, organic fertilisation in a dose of 50 t/ha affected the yield of the winter wheat above the gas pipeline and the yield increased by 13.95% in 2004.