BackgroundEstimation suggests that at least 4 million people die, annually, as a result of chronic respiratory disease (CRD). The Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD) was formed following a mandate from the World Health Assembly to address this serious and growing health problem.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of CRD in Russian symptomatic patients and to evaluate the frequency of major risk factors for CRD in Russia.MethodsA cross-sectional, population-based epidemiological study using the GARD questionnaire on adults from 12 regions of the Russian Federation. Common respiratory symptoms and risk factors were recorded. Spirometry was performed in respondents with suspected CRD. Allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic bronchitis (CB) were defined by the presence of related symptoms according to the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma and the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines; asthma was defined based on disease symptoms; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was defined as a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume per 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio <0.7 in symptomatic patients, following the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines.ResultsThe number of questionnaires completed was 7,164 (mean age 43.4 years; 57.2% female). The prevalence of asthma symptoms was 25.7%, AR 18.2%, and CB 8.6%. Based on patient self-reported diagnosis, 6.9% had asthma, 6.5% AR, and 22.2% CB. The prevalence of COPD based on spirometry in patients with respiratory symptoms was estimated as 21.8%.ConclusionThe prevalence of respiratory diseases and risk factors was high in Russia when compared to available data. For bronchial asthma and AR, the prevalence for related symptoms was higher than self-reported previous diagnosis.

Hip, vertebral, and distal forearm fractures incur substantial loss in QoL and for patients with hip or vertebral fracture, QoL is markedly impaired for at least 18 months.

Young patients with CS have a low TBS. However, the only predictor of low traumatic fracture is the severity of the disease itself, indicated by high 24hUFC levels.

Summary The prognostic value of minimal residual disease (MRD) measured by fusion‐gene transcript (FGT) detection was investigated in 76 infants (aged ≤1 year) with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) with lysine methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A) rearrangements. Either at the end of induction or at later time‐points, FGT‐MRD‐positivity was associated with poor outcome. FGT‐MRD‐positivity after first consolidation or first high‐risk block detected 46·5% of infants with extremely poor outcome [disease‐free survival (SE) 0·06 (0·06), cumulative incidence of relapse (SE) 0·91 (0·05)], which was also confirmed in multivariable analysis. Thus, FGT‐MRD measurement at a single time‐point clearly identifies infants with ALL who are curable with conventional chemotherapy and those who would benefit only from other treatment approaches.