To examine the trends of 7 cardiovascular health metrics (CVH metrics) incorporate of smoking, physical activity, diet, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), and blood pressure (BP) level during three cross-sectional STEPwise approaches to surveillance (STEPS), 2007–2016, among Iranian adults. The study population consisted of 19,841 women and 17,243 men, aged 20–65 years. The CVH metrics were categorized as ‘ideal’, ‘intermediate’, and ‘poor’. The sex-stratified weighted prevalence rate of each CVH metrics was reported. The conditional probability of each poor versus combined intermediate and ideal metric was analyzed using logistic regression. In 2016 compared to 2007, the prevalence of poor BP level (20.4% vs. 23.7%), smoking (13.7% vs. 23.8%), TC ≥ 240 mg/dl (2.4% vs. 11.2%) and FPG < 100 mg/dl (75.6% vs. 82.3%) declined, whereas poor physical activity level (49.7% vs. 30%), poor healthy diet score (38.1% vs. 4.1%), BMI levels ≥ 25 kg/m2 (62.8% vs. 57.8%) increased. Despite a high prevalence of obesity among women, it remained constant in women but showed an increasing trend in men; moreover, the trends of low physical activity and current smoking were better for women. Despite some improvement in CVH metrics, < 4% of Iranian adults meet ≥ 6 CVH metrics in 2016; this issue needs intervention at the public health level using a multi-component strategy.

Among modifiable risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and central adiposity for CVD, smoking for mortality events and hypertension and poor glycaemic control for both outcomes need to be paid most attention by healthcare professionals. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Background A limited number of studies have investigated the impact of idiopathic hirsutism (IH) on cardio-metabolic parameters with contradictory and inconclusive results. This study aimed to explore the effect of IH on metabolic outcomes. Method In this population-based prospective study, 334 women with IH and 1226 women as healthy controls were selected from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). The generalized estimation equations method (GEE) was applied to investigate the secular longitudinal trends of metabolic indices, including fasting blood sugar (FBS), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), non-HDL, triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and waist circumference (WC) in both groups. Unadjusted and adjusted Cox regression models were applied to assess the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between IH and metabolic disorders. Potential confounding factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity, history of HTN, and family history of diabetes were included in the adjusted model. Results This study showed that compared to healthy controls, women with IH had lower SHBG and higher TT [median (IQR): 0.37 (0.16-0.70) vs 0.33 (0.14-0.58); p= 0.01], FAI [median (IQR): 0.85 (0.38-1.54) vs 0.54 (0.26-0.97); p= 0.001], A4 [median (IQR): 1.60 (1.00-2.25) vs 1.10 (0.90-1.70); p= 0.001], and DHEAS [median (IQR): 168.5 (91.1-227.8) vs 125.2 (66.3-181); p= 0.001]. Over time mean changes of FBS, HDL-C, LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, TG, SBP, DBP, and WC were not significantly different in women with IH, compared to healthy controls. According to the unadjusted Cox regression model, except for T2DM [HR (95% CI): 1.45 (1.00-2.11); p= 0.05 there was no statistically significant difference in hazard of metabolic disorders, i.e. hypertension (HTN); preHTN, preT2DM (prediabetes mellitus), and MetS (metabolic syndrome) in IH, compared to healthy controls. Besides, the adjusted Cox regression model showed no significant differences in the hazard of these outcomes. Conclusion This study showed no significant difference in overtime means changes of metabolic risk factors and cardio-metabolic outcomes in women with IH, compared to the healthy control group, except marginally significant difference on T2DM, which disappeared after further adjustment for potential confounders. Accordingly, routine screening of women for these metabolic outcomes should not recommend.