The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PKs) of bapineuzumab (AAB–001), a humanized monoclonal antibody to amyloid β, were evaluated in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease in a phase 1, randomized, third-party unblinded, placebo-controlled, single ascending dose trial. Thirty patients received bapineuzumab infusion of 0.5, 1.5, or 5mg/kg or placebo (6 active, 2 placebo for 0.5 and 1.5-mg/kg cohorts; 10 active, 4 placebo for 5.0-mg/kg cohort). Three patients in the highest dose cohort (5.0mg/kg) developed magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities consistent with vasogenic edema, predominantly high signal abnormalities on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences, all of which resolved over time. Plasma amyloid β was elevated from baseline, peaking approximately 24 hours after infusion. PK analysis demonstrated a half-life of 21 to 26 days, supporting a 13-week dosing interval for bapineuzumab. This small, single-dose study demonstrated the safety profile and PK characteristics of bapineuzumab and was used to design later safety and efficacy trials.

ClinicalTrials identifier: NCT00788944.

Venlafaxine treatment in EMs was associated with greater efficacy in MDD on virtually all measures compared with PMs, with no important tolerability differences.

Cytochrome P450 2D6 genetic polymorphisms had no discernible impact on exposure to desvenlafaxine after desvenlafaxine administration; in contrast, compared with an EM phenotype, a PM phenotype had a significant effect on venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine plasma concentrations after venlafaxine ER administration. This reduced pharmacokinetic variability of desvenlafaxine may translate into better uniformity of response for patients receiving desvenlafaxine versus venlafaxine, but additional studies are required to test this hypothesis.

ABSTRACT:A number of antidepressants inhibit the activity of the cytochrome P450 2D6 enzyme system, which can lead to drug-drug interactions. Based on its metabolic profile, desvenlafaxine, administered as desvenlafaxine succinate, a new serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is not expected to have an impact on activity of CYP2D6. This single-center, randomized, open-label, four-period, crossover study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of multiple doses of desvenlafaxine (100 mg/day, twice the recommended therapeutic dose for major depressive disorder in the United States) and duloxetine (30 mg b.i.d.) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single dose of desipramine (50 mg). A single dose of desipramine was given first to assess its PK. Desvenlafaxine or duloxetine was then administered, in a crossover design, so that steady-state levels were achieved; a single dose of desipramine was then coadministered. The geometric least-square mean ratios (coadministration versus desipramine alone) for area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) and peak plasma concentrations (C max ) of desipramine and 2-hydroxydesipramine were compared using analysis of variance. Relative to desipramine alone, increases in AUC and C max of desipramine associated with duloxetine administration (122 and 63%, respectively) were significantly greater than those associated with desvenlafaxine (22 and 19%, respectively; P < 0.001). Duloxetine coadministered with desipramine was also associated with a decrease in 2-hydroxydesipramine C max that was significant compared with the small increase seen with desvenlafaxine and desipramine (؊24 versus 9%; P < 0.001); the difference between changes in 2-hydroxydesipramine AUC did not reach statistical significance (P ‫؍‬ 0.054). Overall, desvenlafaxine had a minimal impact on the PK of desipramine compared with duloxetine, suggesting a lower risk for CYP2D6-mediated drug interactions.Concomitant use of a drug that affects the activity of the same cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme system responsible for biotransformation of another drug can lead to significant elevations in plasma concentration and potentially important drug-drug interactions (Preskorn and Flockhart, 2004). Such interactions may be associated with poor tolerability or increased risk for toxicity. In addition, for drugs requiring biotransformation via P450 enzymes from an inactive/less active parent compound to a pharmacologically active metabolite, drug interactions may manifest as a reduction in efficacy (Stearns et al., 2003;Preskorn and Flockhart, 2004;Preskorn and Werder, 2006). Drug interactions have an impact on clinical care and may create the need for dose adjustments, consideration of different therapeutic options, or other management strategies.Several antidepressants are known to inhibit CYP2D6 activity (Zanger et al., 2004). The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are associated with varying degrees of CYP2D6 inhibition. For example, paroxetine and fluoxetine strongly inhibit CYP2D6 (K i of 2.0 and 3.0 ...