To reduce these incident cancer cases, improvement of smoking control policies and extension of colorectal cancer screening should be the two priorities in cancer prevention for the next years.

High variability and differences have been observed in survival among adults in Spain according to the type of cancer diagnosed, from above 84% to below 10%, reflecting high heterogeneity. The differences in prognosis by age, sex and period of diagnosis reveal opportunities for improving cancer care in Spain.

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Screening has strongly influenced recent BC trends among Spanish women aged > or =45 years. Our results support the influence of screening saturation on the recent decline of BC. Among younger women, incidence is still rising, probably reflecting the lifestyle changes observed in younger generations.