Magnesium orotate has been cited in the medical literature for the past three years as a possible adjuvant in some pediatric and adult gastroenterological disorders associated with dysbiosis. Studies also focus on the possibility of adding magnesium orotate in psychiatric disorders’ treatment, such as major depression and anxiety. The most relevant element in these studies is the efficiency of magnesium orotate therapy in cases with both gastroenterological and psychiatric symptoms. This article proposes a literature review, focused on the studies published in the last three years, targeting magnesium orotate treatment and probiotic supplementation in patients with both digestive and psychiatric symptoms. Moreover, this review will compare the efficiency of magnesium orotate and probiotics within both the pediatric and adult communities, focusing on the possibility of gut–brain axis modulation and its involvement in the clinical evolution of these patients.

The altered magnesium status in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients may have a significant clinical imprint considering its role in cell signaling and genomic stability, as well as its involvement in IBD patients’ fatigue. Our study pioneers the investigation of magnesium hair concentration patterns in an adult population of IBD patients. The hair magnesium concentration in IBD patients is compared to healthy controls in order to identify correlations between the magnesium status and relevant parameters related to disease activity, psychological status, and sleep quality. We report a significantly lower hair magnesium concentration within the IBD group compared to healthy controls (95%CI: 0.006–0.062; p = 0.017) and lower levels in CD compared to UC (95%CI: −0.061–−0.002; p = 0.038). We identified a borderline statistical significance between the hair magnesium concentration and UC disease activity (95%CI; −0.679–0.008; p = 0.055) and a significantly lower magnesium concentration in patients who reported increased sleep latency (95%CI −0.65–−0.102; p = 0.011) or decreased sleep duration (95%CI −0.613–−0.041; p = 0.028). Our results advance several hypotheses with substantial clinical impact to be confirmed in future studies. Magnesium levels appear to be modified in IBD patients, which suggests it either plays a primary role in disease pathophysiology or a is result of the disease’s evolution. Magnesium could be used in predictive models for clinical/subclinical disease activity. Moreover, magnesium supplementation may improve IBD evolution and sleep quality for patients with a deficit of this mineral. However, confirmatory evidence-based studies are needed to generate specific dosing, time of supplementation, and optimum monitoring of magnesium status in IBD patients.

Artificial intelligence, a computer-based concept that tries to mimic human thinking, is slowly becoming part of the endoscopy lab. It has developed considerably since the first attempt at developing an automated medical diagnostic tool, today being adopted in almost all medical fields, digestive endoscopy included. The detection rate of preneoplastic lesions (i.e., polyps) during colonoscopy may be increased with artificial intelligence assistance. It has also proven useful in detecting signs of ulcerative colitis activity. In upper digestive endoscopy, deep learning models may prove to be useful in the diagnosis and management of upper digestive tract diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, and gastric cancer. As is the case with all new medical devices, there are challenges in the implementation in daily medical practice. The regulatory, economic, organizational culture, and language barriers between humans and machines are a few of them. Even so, many devices have been approved for use by their respective regulators. Future studies are currently striving to develop deep learning models that can replicate a growing amount of human brain activity. In conclusion, artificial intelligence may become an indispensable tool in digestive endoscopy.

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