A source of white light with continuously tuned color rendition properties, such as color fidelity, as well as color saturating and color dulling ability has been developed. The source, which is composed of red (R), amber (A), green (G), and blue (B) light-emitting diodes, has a spectral power distribution varied as a weighted sum of "white" RGB and AGB blends. At the RGB and AGB end-points, the source has a highest color saturating and color dulling ability, respectively, as follows from the statistical analysis of the color-shift vectors for 1269 Munsell samples. The variation of the weight parameter allows for continuously traversing all possible metameric RAGB blends, including that with the highest color fidelity. The source was used in a psychophysical experiment on the estimation of the color appearance of familiar objects, such as vegetables, fruits, and soft-drink cans of common brands, at correlated color temperatures of 3000 K, 4500 K, and 6500 K. By continuously tuning the weight parameter, each of 100 subjects selected RAGB blends that, to their opinion, matched lighting characterized as "most saturating," "most dulling," "most natural," and "preferential". The end-point RGB and AGB blends have been almost unambiguously attributed to "most saturating" and "most dulling" lighting, respectively. RAGB blends that render a highest number of colors with high fidelity have, on average, been attributed to "most natural" lighting. The "preferential" color quality of lighting has, on average, been matched to RAGB blends that provide color rendition with fidelity somewhat reduced in favor of a higher saturation. Our results infer that tunable "color rendition engines" can validate color rendition metrics and provide lighting meeting specific needs and preferences to color quality.

A large number of physical dimensions and different criteria make choosing the optimal luminance distribution for outdoor lighting difficult. The optimisation becomes even more complex for light-emitting diode-based lighting installations that can be intelligently operated, providing different luminance distributions around a moving traffic participant. This study aims at establishing the main subjective factors for the assessment of the luminance distribution of an intelligent light-emitting diode-based outdoor lighting installation for pedestrians. Semantic-differential scales and Likert scales have been used to identify subjective impressions and to find the main factors for the optimisation of the control of the luminance distribution. Our results reveal two factors that need to be considered when assessing intelligent outdoor lighting installations: a major factor that is related to the subjective feeling of well-being and a minor factor that is related to the physical properties of the environment.

A concept of a solid-state lighting engine for artwork-specific illumination with controlled photochemical safety is introduced. The engine is based on a tetrachromatic cluster of colored light-emitting diodes wirelessly controlled via an external smart device. By using an instantaneous dimming functionality, the driving software allows for maintaining the damage irradiance relevant to a particular type of photosensitive artwork material at a constant value, while varying the chromaticity and color rendition properties of the generated light. The effect of the constant damage irradiance on the visual impression from artworks is demonstrated for the lighting engine operating in three modes, such as selecting color temperature, tuning color saturating ability, and shifting chromaticity outside white light locus, respectively.

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We present an approach to the optimization of the trichromatic spectral power distributions (SPDs) of phosphor-converted (p-c) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in respect of each of four different color rendition properties (high color fidelity, color saturating, color dulling, and color preference). The approach is based on selecting a model family of Eu²⁺ phosphors and finding the optimal peak wavelengths of the phosphor bands as functions of the luminous efficacy of radiation. A blue component due to either phosphor photoluminescence or InGaN electroluminescence with the peak wavelength at about 460 nm was found to be an optimal one for the high-fidelity, color-dulling, and color-preference LEDs. The high-fidelity and color-preference LEDs need red phosphors with the peak wavelength of 610-615 nm. The high-fidelity LEDs were shown to require a true green (~530 nm) phosphor component, whereas a cyan (~510 nm) component is the prerequisite of the color-saturating and color-preference LEDs. Deep-blue (~445 nm) and deep-red (~625 nm) components are required for the color-saturating LEDs. A broad yellow band similar to that of Ce(3+) emission is to be used in the color-dulling LEDs. The SPDs of practical phosphor blends for the high-fidelity, color-saturating, and color-preference p-c LEDs are demonstrated.