BACKGROUNDIt is unclear whether patients with early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma and negative findings on positron-emission tomography (PET) after three cycles of chemotherapy with doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) require radiotherapy. METHODSPatients with newly diagnosed stage IA or stage IIA Hodgkin's lymphoma received three cycles of ABVD and then underwent PET scanning. Patients with negative PET findings were randomly assigned to receive involved-field radiotherapy or no further treatment; patients with positive PET findings received a fourth cycle of ABVD and radiotherapy. This trial assessing the noninferiority of no further treatment was designed to exclude a difference in the 3-year progression-free survival rate of 7 or more percentage points from the assumed 95% progression-free survival rate in the radiotherapy group. RESULTSA total of 602 patients (53.3% male; median age, 34 years) were recruited, and 571 patients underwent PET scanning. The PET findings were negative in 426 of these patients (74.6%), 420 of whom were randomly assigned to a study group (209 to the radiotherapy group and 211 to no further therapy). At a median of 60 months of follow-up, there had been 8 instances of disease progression in the radiotherapy group, and 8 patients had died (3 with disease progression, 1 of whom died from Hodgkin's lymphoma); there had been 20 instances of disease progression in the group with no further therapy, and 4 patients had died (2 with disease progression and none from Hodgkin's lymphoma). In the radiotherapy group, 5 of the deaths occurred in patients who received no radiotherapy. The 3-year progression-free survival rate was 94.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 91.5 to 97.7) in the radiotherapy group and 90.8% (95% CI, 86.9 to 94.8) in the group that received no further therapy, with an absolute risk difference of −3.8 percentage points (95% CI, −8.8 to 1.3). CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study did not show the noninferiority of the strategy of no further treatment after chemotherapy with regard to progression-free survival. Nevertheless, patients in this study with early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma and negative PET findings after three cycles of ABVD had a very good prognosis either with or without consolidation radiotherapy. Original ArticleThe New England Journal of Medicine also emerged. Thus, it was increasingly apparent that cure was bought at a high price and that less damaging therapies were required. Studies were therefore performed to evaluate fewer cycles of less toxic chemotherapy combined with smaller fields or doses of radiotherapy 13,14 ; as a result, for the treatment of patients with favorable prognostic features, 14,15 two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) 16,17 followed by 20 Gy of involved-field radiotherapy is now commonly used. 15In moving toward the goal of maximizing cure while minimizing toxic effects, greater individualization of therapy is appealing. Positron-emission tomography (PET) can be used to predict the...

SummaryBackground Dose intensifi cation with a combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP) every 2 weeks improves outcomes in patients older than 60 years with diff use large B-cell lymphoma compared with CHOP every 3 weeks. We investigated whether this survival benefi t from dose intensifi cation persists in the presence of rituximab (R-CHOP) in all age groups.

Alemtuzumab plus methypredisolone is the most effective induction regimen hitherto reported in TP53-deleted CLL. The risk of infection is age related and, in younger patients, seems only marginally higher than that associated with rituximab, fludarabine, and cyclophosphamide.