25Hybrid pigments have attracted great interest due to their stability and physicochemical 26 properties that can be used in paintings, artworks and in the field of cultural heritage. The 27 study of new materials includes the search for new pigments by immobilization of the dyes in 28 resistant substrates such clays minerals to get new color fonts and materials with high 29 stability. Organic-inorganic based lake pigments, at different pH, have been prepared. Al-pillared montmorillonite were synthesized and loaded with carminic acid (CA) and alizarin 31 (Aliz) organic dyes. The pillaring process was investigated by X-ray diffraction, textural 32 analysis, transmission electronic microscopy and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance of 33 27 Al. The interactions between the organic guest and the inorganic host were highlighted by 34 infrared, 13 C and 27 Al solid state magnetic nuclear resonance and time resolved fluorescence 35 spectroscopies. The spectra support complex formation between the chromophores and the 36 inorganic matrix. The colours of the pigments prepared were pH dependent. Lake pigments 37 based on Al-Pillared Mt were more stable under light than Ti-based hybrid, even in oil 38 painting formulations. 39 Photoaging. 41 42 43 44 48 aspects. However, the poor stability of the colours used against acids, light or temperature has 49 been a serious problem that has affected works of art and aspects of their cultural heritage as 50 result of their public exposure. Thus, designs for stable pigments are desired in order to 51 prepare/restore paintings and overcome the problem of degradation [1]. It has been expected 52 that the surface where pigments are applied is a preponderant factor in determining the 53 efficiency/stability of colours, and the perfection of paintings. Although there are many 54 sources, there is a necessity to find combinations of raw materials for use as colouring 55 agents/colourants in ink formulations. In fact, hybrid pigments have wide applications not 56 only in works of art, but also in the fields of optics, food processing, cosmetics or plastics [2-57 4]. Hybrid based on organic dye-inorganic compounds are chemically obtained by a strong 58 interaction between organic chromophores and inorganic matrices aiming to obtain stable 59 pigments [8] or removing anionic dyes from wastewater [5]. In this context, a growing 60 application of inorganic dyes-based hybrids are established [6-8]. 61 Anthraquinones are classified as the natural organic dyes most resistant to light-induced 62 deterioration used since prehistoric times [9]. These red colourants may be extracted from the 63 roots of a diversity of plants from the Rubiaceae family (madder family). Alizarin and 64 purpurin are the principal occurring dyes in Rubia tinctoria L. (maddergenus) [2,9]. Lakes are 65 pigments formed from a dye-inorganic hybrid. Several other guest dyes have been reported in 66 the literature to obtain lake pigments, such as carminic acid [1,8], fluorescein [8], betalain 67 [10] and eosin [11].68 4 ...

X-ray amorphous zeolite precursors, embryonic zeolites, are prepared using tetrapropylammonium (TPA+) hydroxide as a structure directing agent. Their physicochemical properties are compared to those of a highly crystalline zeolite ZSM-5. Embryonic zeolites contain fewer acid sites, but their micropore volume and S BET area are higher than crystalline MFI-type material synthesized with TPA+. They can be introduced in the mesopores of a shaped silica-doped alumina matrix by two procedures: (i) impregnation of externally bred embryos and (ii) in situ growth of embryos to prepare composite catalysts. Their catalytic performances in the dealkylation of 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene, a bulky molecule hardly penetrating the micropores of most zeolites, are superior to their highly crystalline ZSM-5 counterpart and the silica-doped alumina support. This is attributed to the highly accessible active sites of embryonic zeolites, located in an open microporosity leading to shorter diffusion path lengths. They offer interesting prospects to process bulky molecules in fields such as oil refining, petrochemistry, and biomass upgrading.

No abstract