In 2004, a population-based cohort (the Núcleo Mama Porto Alegre - NMPOA Cohort) was started in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil and within that cohort, a hereditary breast cancer study was initiated, aiming to determine the prevalence of hereditary breast cancer phenotypes and evaluate acceptance of a genetic cancer risk assessment (GCRA) program. Women from that cohort who reported a positive family history of cancer were referred to GCRA. Of the 9218 women enrolled, 1286 (13.9%) reported a family history of cancer. Of the 902 women who attended GCRA, 55 (8%) had an estimated lifetime risk of breast cancer ≥ 20% and 214 (23.7%) had pedigrees suggestive of a breast cancer predisposition syndrome; an unexpectedly high number of these fulfilled criteria for Li-Fraumeni-like syndrome (122 families, 66.7%). The overall prevalence of a hereditary breast cancer phenotype was 6.2% (95%CI: 5.67-6.65). These findings identified a problem of significant magnitude in the region and indicate that genetic cancer risk evaluation should be undertaken in a considerable proportion of the women from this community. The large proportion of women who attended GCRA (72.3%) indicates that the program was well-accepted by the community, regardless of the potential cultural, economic and social barriers.
Fundamento: Existem grandes oportunidades de melhoria da qualidade do cuidado cardiovascular em países em desenvolvimento por meio da implementação de um programa de qualidade. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um programa de Boas Práticas em Cardiologia (BPC) nos indicadores de desempenho e desfechos clínicos dos pacientes relacionados à insuficiência cardíaca, fibrilação atrial e síndromes coronarianas agudas em um subconjunto de hospitais públicos brasileiros. Métodos: O programa Boas Práticas em Cardiologia (BPC) foi adaptado do programa Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) da American Heart Association (AHA) para ser utilizado no Brasil. O programa está sendo iniciado em três domínios de cuidado simultaneamente (síndrome coronariana aguda, fibrilação atrial e insuficiência cardíaca), o que consiste em uma abordagem nunca testada no GWTG. Existem seis eixos de intervenções utilizadas pela literatura sobre tradução do conhecimento que abordará barreiras locais identificadas por meio de entrevistas estruturadas e reuniões regulares para auditoria e feedback. Planeja-se incluir no mínimo 10 hospitais e 1500 pacientes por doença cardíaca. O desfecho primário inclui as taxas de adesão às medidas de cuidado recomendadas pelas diretrizes. Desfechos secundários incluem o efeito do programa sobre o tempo de internação, mortalidade global e específica, taxas de readmissão, qualidade de vida, percepção do paciente sobre saúde e adesão dos pacientes às intervenções prescritas. Resultados: Espera-se, nos hospitais participantes, uma melhoria e a manutenção das taxas de adesão as recomendações baseadas em evidência e dos desfechos dos pacientes. Este é o primeiro programa em melhoria da qualidade a ser realizado na América do Sul, que fornecerá informações importantes de como programas de sucesso originados em países desenvolvidos como os Estados Unidos podem ser adaptados às necessidades de países com economias em desenvolvimento como o Brasil. Um programa bem sucedido dará informações valiosas para o desenvolvimento de programas de melhoria da qualidade em outros países em desenvolvimento. Conclusões: Este estudo de mundo real proverá informações para a avaliação e aumento da adesão às diretrizes de cardiologia no Brasil, bem como a melhora dos processos assistenciais. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0) Palavras-chave: Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia; Insuficiência Cardíaca; Fibrilação Atrial; Síndrome Coronariana Aguda; Melhoria de qualidade/tendências; Guias como Assunto. Artigo Original Taniguchi et al. Programa boas práticas em cardiologia (BPC)
Background Although there are simple and low-cost measures to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAI), they remain a major public health problem. Quality issues and a lack of knowledge about HAI control among healthcare professionals may contribute to this scenario. Aim To present the implementation of a project to prevent HAI in intensive care units (ICU) using the quality improvement (QI) collaborative model Breakthrough Series (BTS). Methods A QI report was conducted to assess the results of a national project in Brazil between January/2018 and February/2020. A one-year pre-intervention analysis was conducted to determine the incidence density baseline of the three main HAI: central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), ventilation-associated pneumonia (VAP), and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTI). The BTS methodology was applied during the intervention period to coach and empower healthcare professionals providing evidence-based, structured, systematic, and auditable methodologies and QI tools to improve patients’ care outcomes. Results A total of 116 ICUs were included in this study. The three HAI showed a significant decrease of 43.5%, 52.1%, and 65.8% for CLABSI, VAP, and CA-UTI, respectively. A total of 5,140 infections were prevented. Adherence to bundles inversely correlated with the HAI incidence densities: CLABSI insertion and maintenance bundle (R = -0.50, P-value = 0.010 and R = -0.85, P-value <0.001, respectively), VAP prevention bundle (R = -0.69, P-value <0.001), and CA-UTI insertion and maintenance bundle (R = -0.82, P-value <0.001 and R = -0.54, P-value = 0.004, respectively). Conclusion Descriptive data from the evaluation of this project show that the BTS methodology is a feasible and promising approach to preventing HAI in critical care settings.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) accounted for 45% of deaths in the world in 2015, causing a great impact on statistics. 1 In Brazil, mortality rates from diseases of the circulatory system are also high and represented 28% of deaths in 2017. 2 Therefore, CVD is considered a major public health problem. Most of the recorded deaths caused by CVD would be preventable if patients followed the prescribed medical treatment and controlled risk factors, including inadequate diet, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. 3 CVDs are debilitating conditions, with a progressive course and multiple factors, such as physical limitation and risk of death, that affect the improvement of the
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