We demonstrate detection of NO2 down to ppb levels using transistors based on both single and multiple In2O3 nanowires operating at room temperature. This represents orders-of-magnitude improvement over previously reported metal oxide film or nanowire/nanobelt sensors. A comparison between the single and multiple nanowire sensors reveals that the latter have numerous advantages in terms of great reliability, high sensitivity, and simplicity in fabrication. Furthermore, selective detection of NO2 can be readily achieved with multiple-nanowire sensors even with other common chemicals such as NH3, O2, CO, and H2 around.

BackgroundChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated proven efficacy in some hematologic cancers. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of LCAR-B38M, a dual epitope-binding CAR T cell therapy directed against 2 distinct B cell maturation antigen epitopes, in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM).MethodsThis ongoing phase 1, single-arm, open-label, multicenter study enrolled patients (18 to 80 years) with R/R MM. Lymphodepletion was performed using cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2. LCAR-B38M CAR T cells (median CAR+ T cells, 0.5 × 106 cells/kg [range, 0.07 to 2.1 × 106]) were infused in 3 separate infusions. The primary objective is to evaluate the safety of LCAR-B38M CAR T cells; the secondary objective is to evaluate the antimyeloma response of the treatment based on the general guidelines of the International Myeloma Working Group.ResultsAt data cutoff, 57 patients had received LCAR-B38M CAR T cells. All patients experienced ≥ 1 adverse events (AEs). Grade ≥ 3 AEs were reported in 37/57 patients (65%); most common were leukopenia (17/57; 30%), thrombocytopenia (13/57; 23%), and aspartate aminotransferase increased (12/57; 21%). Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 51/57 patients (90%); 4/57 (7%) had grade ≥ 3 cases. One patient reported neurotoxicity of grade 1 aphasia, agitation, and seizure-like activity. The overall response rate was 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76 to 95); 39/57 patients (68%) achieved a complete response, 3/57 (5%) achieved a very good partial response, and 8/57 (14%) achieved a partial response. Minimal residual disease was negative for 36/57 (63%) patients. The median time to response was 1 month (range, 0.4 to 3.5). At a median follow-up of 8 months, median progression-free survival was 15 months (95% CI, 11 to not estimable). Median overall survival for all patients was not reached.ConclusionsLCAR-B38M CAR T cell therapy displayed a manageable safety profile and demonstrated deep and durable responses in patients with R/R MM.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03090659; Registered on March 27, 2017, retrospectively registeredElectronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0681-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

We report complementary detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) using n-type In2O3 nanowires and p-type carbon nanotubes. Our innovation involves developing an approach to covalently attach antibodies to In2O3 NW surfaces via the onsite surface synthesis of phosphonic acid-succinylimide ester. Electronic measurements under dry conditions revealed complementary response for In2O3 NW and SWNT devices after the binding of PSA. Real-time detection in solution has also been demonstrated for PSA down to 5 ng/mL, a benchmark concentration significant for clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer, which is the most frequently diagnosed cancer.

One-dimensional metal oxide nanowires, such as In 2 O 3 , [1] ZnO, [2] SnO 2 , [3] CdO, [4] and CuO [5] nanowires, have attracted a lot of attention because of their unique properties for applications ranging from nanoelectronic devices to gas sensors. Among them, SnO 2 is particularly interesting and has many important applications. For instance, SnO 2 is a very important n-type semiconductor with a large bandgap (E g = 3.6 eV at 300 K [6] ), thus making it ideal to work as transparent conducting electrodes for organic light emitting diodes and solar cells. [7±9] In addition, SnO 2 thin films have been extensively studied and used as chemical sensors for environmental and industrial applications.[7±9] SnO 2 in the nanowire form has enormous potential to work as building blocks for nanoelectronics, and is also expected to offer superior chemical sensing performance due to the enhanced surface to volume ratio. Despite the utmost importance, only a relatively small effort has been directed toward the synthesis of SnO 2 whiskers, nanorods, and more recently nanobelts. [3,10±12] Much is left to be explored, especially for the synthesis of high-quality, single-crystalline SnO 2 nanowires with precisely controlled diameters below 30 nm, as required for high-performance field-effect nanowire transistors. In this paper, we report an efficient and reliable laser-ablation approach for large-scale synthesis of SnO 2 nanowires. Precise control over the nanowire diameters has been achieved by using monodispersed gold clusters as the catalyst. Detailed material analysis, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were used to confirm the single-crystalline nature of our nanowires. In addition, field effect transistors (FETs) have been constructed based on individual SnO 2 nanowires with on/off ratios up to 10 3 . These nanowire transistors were further demonstrated to work as sensitive UV and polarized UV detectors.A quartz tube furnace was used for our SnO 2 synthesis, where a pure Sn target was placed at the upper-stream of the tube outside the hot zone of the furnace, and Si±SiO 2 substrates covered with 20 nm gold catalytic clusters were placed in the middle of the quartz tube. The tube was then purged with 0.02 % oxygen diluted in argon, followed by heating of the furnace to 900 C. The Sn target was then ablated with a Nd:YAG laser to supply Sn vapor, which was carried downstream by the oxygen±argon mixture. The chamber was maintained at 400 torr during the laser ablation, and the typical reaction time used was about 10±30 min. Our synthesis follows the well-known vapor±liquid±solid (VLS) growth mechanism, where the Sn vapor first diffuses into the gold catalytic particles, and grows out and reacts with O 2 to form SnO 2 once the Sn±Au alloy reaches supersaturation. Continued addition of Sn into the Sn±Au nanoparticle feeds the SnO 2 growth and eventually the diameter of the SnO 2 nanowire is directly linked to the catalytic particle size. After cooling down, the samples were characteriz...