These data suggest that lipid supply is one of the risk factors for PN-associated cholestasis. The link between cholestasis and the reticuloendothelial system overload needs to be better understood. Prevention of cholestasis might include the decrease in the lipid load. When cholestasis occurs, lipid supply should be temporarily stopped, especially in the case of associated thrombocytopenia.

This simple score is suitable for routine use to identify patients at risk of malnutrition during hospitalization. Implementation may prevent hospital-acquired malnutrition.

Outcome and survival of children receiving HPN are mainly determined by their underlying diagnosis. Nearly all children with primary digestive disease survive if referred early to an expert center.

Four cases of Saccharomyces boulardii fungemia, a very rare side effect of Saccharomyces boulardii therapy, are reported. The clinical impact of Saccharomyces boulardii infection appeared to be moderate. However, even though organ involvement was never demonstrated, septic shock with no other etiology was observed in one of our patients. All patients had an indwelling vascular catheter. Contamination of the air, environmental surfaces, and hands following the opening of a packet suggests that catheter contamination may have been a source of infection. To prevent catheter contamination it is recommended that packets or capsules of Saccharomyces boulardii be opened with gloves, outside the patient's room.

The olive oil-based emulsion was well tolerated, maintained a normal EFA status, and may be more suitable for prevention of lipid peroxidation than the soybean-oil-based emulsion.