NSAIDs use during acute viral infection is associated with an increased risk of empyema in children, and antibiotics are associated with a decreased risk. The presence of antibiotic-NSAIDs interaction with this risk is suggested. These findings suggest that NSAIDs should not be recommended as a first-line antipyretic treatment during acute viral infections in children.

Our results suggest that fluoroquinolones are a risk factor for MRSA acquisition. Control measures to limit MRSA spread in LTCFs should also be based on optimization of fluoroquinolone use.