Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has emerged as the imaging modality of choice for evaluating the abdomen and pelvis in trauma patients. MDCT readily detects injury of the solid organs as well as direct and indirect features of bowel and/or mesenteric injury-an important advance given that unrecognized bowel and mesenteric injuries may result in high morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, challenges persist in the interpretation of abdominal and pelvic CT images in trauma patients. Difficulty in interpretation may result from lack of familiarity with or misunderstanding of CT features of bowel and/or mesenteric injury. Moreover, due to major technical advances afforded by MDCT, new CT features of bowel and/or mesenteric injuries have been recognized. Beading and termination of mesenteric vessels indicating surgically important mesenteric injury is an example of one of these new features. MDCT also allows for the detection of small or trace amounts of isolated intraperitoneal fluid in trauma patients, although the clinical management of these patients is still controversial. This pictorial essay illustrates the spectrum of typical, atypical, and newly reported MDCT features of bowel and mesenteric injuries due to blunt trauma. The features that help to differentiate these injuries from pitfalls are emphasized in these proven cases.

Fracture detection in pelvic bones is vital for patient diagnostic decisions and treatment planning in traumatic pelvic injuries. Manual detection of bone fracture from computed tomography (CT) images is very challenging due to low resolution of the images and the complex pelvic structures. Automated fracture detection from segmented bones can significantly help physicians analyze pelvic CT images and detect the severity of injuries in a very short period. This paper presents an automated hierarchical algorithm for bone fracture detection in pelvic CT scans using adaptive windowing, boundary tracing, and wavelet transform while incorporating anatomical information. Fracture detection is performed on the basis of the results of prior pelvic bone segmentation via our registered active shape model (RASM). The results are promising and show that the method is capable of detecting fractures accurately.

Biochemical recurrence after treatment for prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant issue. Early diagnosis of local recurrence is important for making prompt treatment decisions and is strongly associated with patient prognosis. Without salvage therapy, the average time from development of local recurrence to distant metastasis is approximately 3 years. Biochemical recurrence does not differentiate local recurrence from systemic disease; there is no reliable way to clinically diagnose local recurrence. Recent advances in multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) techniques have markedly improved detection of local recurrence following therapy. However, a wide variety of entities can mimic recurrent PCa at mp-MRI. Therefore, the purpose of this pictorial review is to discuss the MRI findings of locally recurrent PCa and its mimics, emphasizing the key MRI features that help to differentiate local recurrence from its mimics.