In this study, we report a facile process for preparing a carbon-coated nanosized Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 nanoporous micro-sphere (CN-LTO-NMS) by a carbon pre-coating process combined with the spray drying method. The obtained material consists of a micron-size secondary sphere (10-20 mm) accumulated by carbon-coated nanosized primary particles ($200 nm). The nanosized primary particles and nanothickness carbon layer uniformly coated over the particles as well as the interconnected nanopores greatly improve its rate capability. As a consequence, the resulting sample delivers a reversible capacity of 160 mAhg À1 at 0.2 C, and shows remarkable rate capability by maintaining 79% of the capacity at 20 C (vs. 0.2 C), as well as excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 95% after 1000 cycles at 1 C rate (vs. 0.2 C).

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We report the electrochemical properties of layered lithium-rich Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 cathode materials with various degrees of stacking faults, which are prepared via a facile molten-salt method using a variety of fluxes including KCl, Li 2 CO 3 , and LiNO 3 . The frequency of the stacking faults is highly dependent on the temperature and molten salt type used during the synthesis. A well-crystallized Li 1.18 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 nanomaterial with a larger amount of stacking faults synthesized at 800 C for 10 h in an inactive KCl flux delivers a high reversible capacity of $310 mA h g À1 at room temperature, while the samples prepared in the chemically active fluxes with a smaller amount of stacking faults show poor electrochemical performance. Broader contextAdvanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) that deliver more energy at rapid charge and discharge rates are essential for on-board storage technology in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) or electric vehicles (EVs). High energy density lithium-rich transition metal oxide cathodes represent an important milestone in materials design for advanced lithium-ion batteries due to their high reversible capacities of $250 mA h g À1 at low cost. Although much progress has been achieved on the lithium-rich transition-metal oxides, the relationship between the microstructure e.g. stacking faults and electrochemical properties of lithiumrich transition-metal oxides remains unclear. In this study, we report the electrochemical performance of Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 electrodes with various degrees of stacking faults and reveal that structural defects in the crystal structure of the Li 2 MnO 3 component play a key role in the electrochemistry of xLi 2 MnO 3 $(1 À x)LiMO 2 electrodes using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results reported herein provide new insights into the design and synthesis of advanced electrode materials with various degrees of structural defects for use in high-performance energy storage and conversion devices.

Graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) for the first time are used as the anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. They exhibit high reversible capacity with excellent cycle life.