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The quantitative consistency of nucleon transfer reactions as a probe of the occupancy of valence orbits in nuclei is tested. Neutron-adding, neutron-removal, and proton-adding transfer reactions were measured on the four stable even Ni isotopes, with particular attention to the cross section determinations. The data were analyzed consistently in terms of the distorted wave Born approximation to yield spectroscopic factors. Valence-orbit occupancies were extracted, utilizing the Macfarlane-French sum rules. The deduced occupancies are consistent with the changing number of valence neutrons, as are the vacancies for protons, both at the level of <5%. While there has been some debate regarding the true "observability" of spectroscopic factors, the present results indicate that empirically they yield self-consistent results.

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The single-neutron properties of the N = 83 nucleus 137 Xe have been studied using the 136 Xe(d,p) reaction in inverse kinematics at a beam energy of 10 MeV/u. The helical-orbit spectrometer, HE-LIOS, at Argonne National Laboratory was used to analyze the outgoing protons, achieving an excitation-energy resolution of <100 keV. Extraction of absolute cross sections, angular distributions, and spectroscopic factors has led to a more complete understanding of the single-neutron strength in 137 Xe. In particular, the centroids of the νh 9/2 and νi 13/2 strengths appear to evolve through the N = 83 isotones in a manner consistent with the action of the tensor force.

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