Introduction:Acinetobacter species is associated with health care associated infections especially in patients on respiratory therapy equipment and indwelling catheters. They are becoming increasingly drug resistant. The knowledge of the prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter spp. is important.AimsThe study is undertaken to estimate the prevalence rate, risk factors and antimicrobial resistance pattern of isolates. in Acinetobacter spp. from various clinical samples.Material and Methods:The isolates of Acinetobacter species obtained from various clinical specimen. Specimens were processed by standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial sensitivity tests of the Acinetobacter isolates were done by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.ResultsOut of 622 isolates, 399 isolates were from inpatients (62,18%) and 223 were from outpatients (37,82%). More than 90% of isolates displayed resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, caftriaxon and amikacin. Resistance to gentamicin, co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin were also common. Least resistance was seen to piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem. A total of 125 Acinetobacter isolates were analyzed, out of which 78.4 % were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Of these MDR isolates, 17.24% were pan-resistant. A. baumannii was the most common species responsible for wound infection (84,8%), pneumonia(96,15%), abscess (72.7%), urinary tract infection (85,7%) and septicemia(89,5%).Conclusion:Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. Antibiotic susceptibility testing is critical in the treatment of infections caused by Acinetobacter. Continued surveillance of prevalent organisms in ICUs, combined with preventive measures remains absolutely essential in efforts to prevent or limit the spread of Acinetobacter infection.

Introduction Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy involving the urinary system. Recent research tends to emphasize the role of oxidative stress products in the carcinogenesis of bladder cancer. The level of oxidative stress can be measured by assessing the MDA levels. This study aimed to evaluate serum MDA levels in patients with bladder cancer, as well as to determine its potential role as a biomarker in the diagnosis of the disease and progression risk considerations.Methods The study was designed as a cross-sectional study and included 90 patients, divided into three groups with 30 patients each: Ta, T1and T2-T4 group, based on histopathological findings after transurethral resection of the tumor. The control group included 30 healthy volunteers. MDA level was determined using the spectrophotometric method.Results Serum MDA level in patients with bladder cancer [0,86 (0,78-1,05) μmol/L] was significantly higher than the serum MDA level in control group [0,70 (0,69-0,72) μmol/L] (p<0,001). Serum MDA level in Ta group [0,73 (0,70-1,05) μmol/L], T1 group [0,85 (0,80-1,12) μmol/L] and in T2-T4 group [0,91 (0,84-1,04) μmol/L] was significantly higher than the serum MDA level in control group [0,70 (0,69-0,72) μmol/L] (p <0,01). MDA level in T1 and T2-T4 group was significantly higher than the MDA level in Ta group (p<0,01). No significant difference was observed in MDA level between T1 and T2-T4 group (p=NS). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between tumor size and serum MDA level in patients with bladder cancer (rho = 0.254 p <0.01).Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that MDA serum level might play a significant role as a biomarker in the diagnosis of bladder cancer, as well as in the monitoring of its progression.

Introduction:Starting from the point that the chronic kidney disease (CKD) is chronic, inflammatory and hypercoagulable state characterized by an increase in procoagulant and inflammatory markers high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these patients could be explained.Aim:The aim of the research was to monitor inflammatory markers and procoagulants in various stages of kidney disease (stage 1-4).Materials and Methods:The research included 120 subjects older than 18 years with CKD stages 1-4 examined and monitored in Clinic of Nephrology, University Clinical Centre Sarajevo over a period of 24 months. The research included determining the following laboratory parameters: serum creatinine, serum albumin, C-reactive protein, leukocytes in the blood, plasma fibrinogen, D-dimer, antithrombin III, coagulation factors VII (FC VII) and coagulation factor VIII (FC VIII).Results:With the progression of kidney disease (CKD stages 1-4), there was a significant increase of inflammatory and procoagulant markers: CRP, fibrinogen and coagulation factor VIII, and an increase in the average values of leukocytes and a reduction in the value of antithrombin III, but without statistical significance. Also, there were no significant differences in the values of D-dimer and coagulation factor VII.Conclusion:The progression of kidney disease is significantly associated with inflammation, which could in the future be useful in prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Connection of CKD with inflammation and proven connection of inflammation with cardiovascular risk indicates the potential value of some biomarkers, which could in the future identify as predictors of outcome and could have the benefit in the early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease in CKD.

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and this is a serious public health problem. Since the use of dermatoglyphics has a long history of application in different scientific fields, the objective of this research was to find possible relation between the finger and palmar dermatoglyphic patterns and breast cancer risk in females with no breast cancer within the Bosnian-Herzegovinian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included a case group of 100 female patients with pathohistologically confirmed breast cancer and 132 healthy volunteer women as a control group with no familiar history of any type of cancers. Sampling was performed across Bosnia and Herzegovina using the Printake method. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of fingers and palms of both hands was performed. RESULTS A pattern of less than six finger loops was found more frequently in breast cancer patients than in the control group. The ATD angle and the b-c ridge count were increased in breast cancer patients in comparison with healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Dermatoglyphic analysis in combination with the assessment of other risk factors may be used as a cheap and non-invasive method in the prediction of breast cancer development.