Background-Predictors of antiplatelet therapy discontinuation (ATD) during the first year after drug-eluting stent implantation are poorly known. Methods and Results-This was a prospective study with 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up of patients receiving at least 1 drug-eluting stent between January
Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) because it is highly prevalent among those with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs). Moreover, it precedes the development of CVD and is considered a subrogate marker of subclinical CVD.
Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of ED among patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) without macroangiopathy, and to assess the association between ED and other CVRFs, chronic diabetes complications, silent myocardial ischemia (SMI), and peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
Methods
One hundred fifty-four male patients with DM2 and without clinical evidence of CVD were included in the study. The presence of ED, PAD, SMI, chronic diabetic complications, and other CVRFs was evaluated in these patients.
Main Outcome Measures
PAD; SMI; ED; 24-hour blood pressure Holter; lipid profile; insulin resistance; testosterone; chronic inflammation; nephropathy; retinopathy; neuropathy.
Results
Prevalence of ED was 68.2%. Patients with ED were older and characterized by DM2, systolic blood pressure (BP), retinopathy, and insulin treatment of longer duration than patients without ED, even when adjusting for age was performed. Adjusting for duration of diabetic condition revealed significant differences in age and systolic BP. Independent factors for ED were age (57.7 ± 7.5 years, relative risks [RR 1.1], P = 0.003) and duration of diabetes (9[3–15] years, RR 1.1, P = 0.006). SMI was detected in 13.6% of patients (18.1% in patients with ED vs. 4.1% in patients without ED). Asymptomatic PAD was detected in 13.2% of subjects (14.4% in patients with ED vs. 10.4% in patients without).
Conclusions
ED is highly prevalent in DM2, and is associated with the presence of SMI, higher systolic BP and chronic microvascular diabetic complications.
This study confirms the relevant prevalence of MVD in STEMI patients, as well as the difference in outcomes of an IR strategy between both age-groups, being only independently associated with MACE in younger patients. This finding supports that a routine complete revascularization (CR) strategy seems to be the best therapeutic option in younguer patients, whereas in the elderly population may not confer a clear clinical benefit during a long-term follow-up.
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