Context: Naringenin and tofacitinib are often used together for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Chinese clinics. Objective: This experiment investigates the effect of naringenin on the pharmacokinetics of tofacitinib in rats. Materials and methods: Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (experimental group and control group). The experimental group was pre-treated with naringenin (150 mg/kg/ day) for two weeks before dosing tofacitinib, and equal amounts of CMC-Na solution in the control group. After a single oral administration of 5 mg/kg of tofacitinib, 50 lL blood samples were directly collected into 1.5 mL heparinized tubes via the caudal vein at 0.083, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h. The plasma concentration of tofacitinib was quantified by UPLC/MS-MS. Results: Results indicated that naringenin could significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of tofacitinib. The AUC 0-24 of tofacitinib was increased from 1222.81 ± 222.07 to 2016.27 ± 481.62 ng/mL/h, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the T max was increased from 0.75 ± 0.29 to 3.00 ± 0.00 h (p < 0.05), and the MRT (0-24) was increased from 4.90 ± 0.51 to 6.57 ± 0.66 h (p < 0.05), but the clearance was obviously decreased from 4.10 ± 0.72 to 2.42 ± 0.70 L/h/kg (p < 0.05) in experimental group. Although the C max and t 1/2 of tofacitinib were increased, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05). Conclusions: This research demonstrated a drug-drug interaction between naringenin and tofacitinib possibly when preadministered with naringenin; thus, we should pay attention to this possibility in the clinic.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of voriconazole on the pharmacokinetics of vonoprazan. Methods: Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: five rats in each group, including control group, single-dose group (a single dose of 30 mg/kg of voriconazole), and multiple-dose group (multiple doses of 30 mg/(kg•day) per dose of voriconazole). Each group of rats was given an oral dose of 10 mg/kg vonoprazan 30 min after the administration of voriconazole or vehicle. After the oral administration of vonoprazan, 50 µL of blood was collected into 1.5-mL heparinized tubes via the caudal vein. The concentration of vonoprazan in plasma was quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Both in vitro effects of voriconazole on vonoprazan and the mechanism of the observed inhibition were studied in rat liver microsomes. Results: When orally administered, voriconazole increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), prolonged the elimination half-life (t 1/2 ), and decreased the clearance (CL) of vonoprazan; there was no significant difference between the singledose and multiple-dose groups. Voriconazole inhibited the metabolism of vonoprazan at an IC50 of 2.93 μM and showed mixed inhibition. The results of the in vivo experiments were consistent with those of the in vitro experiments. Conclusion: Our findings provide the evidence of drug-drug interactions between voriconazole and vonoprazan that could occur with pre-administration of voriconazole. Thus, clinicians should pay attention to the resulting changes in pharmacokinetic parameters and accordingly, adjust the dose of vonoprazan in clinical settings.

Context: Dacomitinib and poziotinib, irreversible ErbB family blockers, are often used for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the clinic. Objective: This study investigates the effect of dacomitinib on the pharmacokinetics of poziotinib in rats. Materials and methods: Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: the test group (20 mg/kg dacomitinib for 14 consecutive days) and the control group (equal amounts of vehicle). Each group was given an oral dose of 10 mg/kg poziotinib 30 min after administration of dacomitinib or vehicle at the end of the 14 day administration. The concentration of poziotinib in plasma was quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. Both in vitro effects of dacomitinib on poziotinib and the mechanism of the observed inhibition were studied in rat liver microsomes and human liver microsomes. Results: When orally administered, dacomitinib increased the AUC, T max and decreased CL of poziotinib (p < 0.05). The IC 50 values of M1 in RLM, HLM and CYP3A4 were 11.36, 30.49 and 19.57 mM, respectively. The IC 50 values of M2 in RLM, HLM and CYP2D6 were 43.69, 0.34 and 0.11 mM, respectively, and dacomitinib inhibited poziotinib by a mixed way in CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. The results of the in vivo experiments were consistent with those of the in vitro experiments. Conclusions: This research demonstrates that a drug-drug interaction between poziotinib and dacomitinib possibly exists when readministered with poziotinib; thus, clinicians should pay attention to the resulting changes in pharmacokinetic parameters and accordingly, adjust the dose of poziotinib in clinical settings.