Declining mountain snowpack and earlier snowmelt across the western United States has implications for downstream communities. We present a possible mechanism linking snowmelt rate and streamflow generation using a gridded implementation of the Budyko framework. We computed an ensemble of Budyko streamflow anomalies (BSAs) using Variable Infiltration Capacity model‐simulated evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration, and estimated precipitation at 1/16° resolution from 1950 to 2013. BSA was correlated with simulated baseflow efficiency (r2 = 0.64) and simulated snowmelt rate (r2 = 0.42). The strong correlation between snowmelt rate and baseflow efficiency (r2 = 0.73) links these relationships and supports a possible streamflow generation mechanism wherein greater snowmelt rates increase subsurface flow. Rapid snowmelt may thus bring the soil to field capacity, facilitating below‐root zone percolation, streamflow, and a positive BSA. Previous works have shown that future increases in regional air temperature may lead to earlier, slower snowmelt and hence decreased streamflow production via the mechanism proposed by this work.
Since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, 163 175 cases of COVID-19 and 6692 deaths (4.1%) have been registered in Germany.SARS-CoV-2 infections in children are usually mild and are associated with a low rate of hospitalization and intensive care (1, 2). No data have yet become available on pediatric inpatients in Germany; however, such data are urgently needed for epidemiological modeling and better understanding of the disease in this age group.
MethodsThe German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI), supported by other professional associations, has been collecting the data of all children and adolescents admitted to hospital for treatment of COVID-19 since 18 March 2020. After confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the informed consent of a custodian is obtained and data on age, clinical symptoms, coinfections, comorbidities, treatment, and outcome are entered in the registry. The study plan was approved by the ethics committee of TU Dresden.
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