Abstract. Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Harmawan T, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2020. Ethnobotany and conservation of indigenous edible fruit plants in South Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1850-1860. The traditional knowledge system is immensely important in the context of plant resource conservation, utilization, and environmental management. The objectives of this study, therefore, were to document local knowledge on the diversity, utilization and sustainable management of indigenous fruit yielding species in the South Aceh region of Indonesia. This research was based on extensive field surveys, plant collection, and interviews with the local people, and a total of 56 indigenous edible fruit species belonging to 24 families were identified. Furthermore, the recognized varieties have numerous applications and serve multiple use categories. For example, they have been adopted as food (56 species), by medicine (16 species), construction materials (14 species), furniture (13 species) and firewood (12 species). These indigenous edible fruits are mostly used in the treatment of cough, stomach ache, diarrhea, fever, and digestive problems, and the following species are commonly traded in traditional markets Durio zibethinus, Garcinia mangostana, Mangifera indica, Mangifera foetida, Mangifera odorata, Baccaurea macrophylla, and Baccaurea lanceolata. The agricultural expansion activities in South Aceh region are assumed to present significant threats to the sustainability of indigenous edible fruit species. Conservation of indigenous fruit plants can be performed through the preservation of traditional knowledge and the promotion and domestication of indigenous fruit plant species.

Background: Gunung Leuser National Park offers a variety of wild edible fruit species (WEFs) with food, nutrition, medicine, and economic value to the local people. In recent times, these WEFs have been threatened by over-exploitation, land-use changes, and biodiversity loss. This study aims to investigate the diversity of WEFs and their contribution to household income for communities living around the National Park. Methods:The study was conducted in three subdistricts adjacent to Gunung Leuser National Park. The plant materials were randomly collected from three sub-districts, while local knowledge was gathered through a structured survey and in-depth interviews. The informant sample comprised 450 people, 150 from each of the three sub-districts.Results: A total of 54 wild edible fruit plants belonging to 41 genera and 27 families were recorded in the study area. Thirty-nine (72.22 %) species were found growing in forests, 12 (22.22 %) species in farmland, and 3 (5.56%) species occur in the bush. Several species have economic value including Baccaurea

Abstract:Spatial distribution patterns and habitat associations of Fagaceae species in a Fagaceae-codominated hill forest in Sumatra were investigated. Ten Fagaceae species believed to be zoochorous (animal-dispersed seed) and five codominant canopy and emergent anemochorous (wind-dispersed seed) species from Anacardiaceae and Dipterocarpaceae were studied. Five Fagaceae species and all codominant anemochorous species were significantly aggregated while the other five Fagaceae species showed a random distribution pattern. The median distance of small saplings from the nearest reproductively mature tree tended to be shorter for aggregated species than spatially random species. This implied that some Fagaceae species dispersed over longer distances than anemochorous species. Relationships between four habitat variables and distribution of the target species were examined with torus-translation tests. ThreeQuercusand oneLithocarpusspecies showed positive habitat associations. TwoQuercusspecies aggregated at the preferred habitat, but the others were randomly distributed. Thus tree species with specific habitat preference do not only aggregate at the preferred habitat. The three ridge-specialistQuercusspecies showed gradual changes in habitat association, which could reflect avoidance of competition among the species. Most of theLithocarpusspecies showed little correlation with habitat variables. Coexistence of the threeQuercusspecies partly reflected subtle differences in topographical preferences. Distribution of five of the sixLithocarpusspecies was unrelated to topography, so other mechanisms must be sought to account for the maintenance of coexistence in this species-rich genus.

Garcinia species have various benefits, such as the production of edible fruit, oil, and medicine. This study aimed to evaluating ethnobotanical knowledge and nutritional composition and sensory characteristics of Garcinia species from Aceh, Indonesia. Eight of the Garcinia fruits collected from three regencies in the province of Aceh. Analyzed the composition of Garcinia nutrition was conducted in laboratory of Universitas Samudra. The ethnobotanical data were obtained using a semi-structured interview involved sixty respondents. The sensorial evaluation of various Garcinia was performed by using 9 points hedonic scale. Ethnobotanical data and sensory evaluation were evaluated using descriptive statistics. The findings showed that Garcinia was used by local people in the province of Aceh as a source of food and traditional medicines. Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. f. ex T. Anderson was higher in total carbohydrate and crude fiber content, while the highest crude protein was found in Garcinia celebica L. Furthermore, G. mangostana was superior in flavour and color, while the highest value for flavour attributes was found in G. celebica. In general, the highest overall acceptance score was found in G. mangostana.

Abstract. Suwardi AB, Navia ZI, Harmawan T, Seprianto, Syamsuardi, Mukhtar E. 2022. Diversity of wild edible fruit plant species and their threatened status in the Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1311-1319. Aceh Province, Indonesia is home to a diverse range of tropical fruit plants. However, increased anthropogenic activities such as population growth and natural disasters resulted in various biological resources such as wild edible fruit plants being under threat. The study aimed to assess the diversity and threatened status of wild edible fruit plant species in the Aceh Province of Indonesia. The study was conducted in six regencies, namely Aceh Tamiang, Aceh Timur, Aceh Selatan, Aceh Utara, Aceh Barat, and Aceh Tengah. At each study area, a line transect of 1,000 meters was laid from the forest's edge into the forest. Wild edible fruit plant species discovered along the transect were collected and given local names. A total of 129 wild edible fruit plant species at six studied areas in the Aceh Province belonged to 38 families. The highest number of fruit plant species was recorded in the district of Aceh Tamiang, i.e., 63 species, followed by Aceh Selatan (56 species), Aceh Barat (46 species), Aceh Timur (37 species), Aceh Utara (31 species), and Aceh Tengah (23 species). Mangifera foetida Lour., Mangifera odorata Griff., Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr., Ficus altissima Blume, Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, Passiflora foetida L., and Pometia pinnata J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. were the most frequently recorded wild fruit plant species in all regencies. From 129 wild edible fruit species recorded in the study areas, 35% are currently classified as Least Concern, 6% as Vulnerable, 3% as Near Threatened, 2% as Low Risk, 2% as Data Deficient, and 52% of species in the IUCN red list had No Available Data. Community-based conservation through domestication of wild edible fruit plant species can be one of the management strategies for the conservation of wild edible fruit plants in Aceh Province.