Modern and future surveys effectively provide a panchromatic view for large numbers of extragalactic objects. Consistently modeling these multiwavelength survey data is a critical but challenging task for extragalactic studies. The Code Investigating GALaxy Emission (cigale) is an efficient python code for spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting of galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Recently, a major extension of cigale (named x-cigale) has been developed to account for AGN/galaxy X-ray emission and improve AGN modeling at UV-to-IR wavelengths. Here, we apply x-cigale to different samples, including Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS) spectroscopic type 2 AGNs, Chandra Deep Field-South X-ray detected normal galaxies, Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasars, and COSMOS radio objects. From these tests, we identify several weaknesses of x-cigale and improve the code accordingly. These improvements are mainly related to AGN intrinsic X-ray anisotropy, X-ray binary emission, AGN accretion-disk SED shape, and AGN radio emission. These updates improve the fit quality and allow for new interpretation of the results, based on which we discuss physical implications. For example, we find that AGN intrinsic X-ray anisotropy is moderate, and can be modeled as L X ( θ ) ∝ 1 + cos θ , where θ is the viewing angle measured from the AGN axis. We merge the new code into the major branch of cigale, and publicly release this new version as cigale v2022.0 on https://cigale.lam.fr.
We present an optical to near-infrared selected astronomical catalogue covering 1270 deg. 2 . This is the first attempt to systematically combine data from 23 of the premier extragalactic survey fields -the product of a vast investment of telescope time. The fields are those imaged by the Herschel Space Observatory which form the Herschel Extragalactic Legacy Project (HELP). Our catalogue of 170 million objects is constructed by a positional cross match of 51 public surveys. This high resolution optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared catalogue is designed for photometric redshift estimation, extraction of fluxes in lower resolution far-infrared maps, and spectral energy distribution modelling. It collates, standardises, and provides value added derived quantities including corrected aperture magnitudes and astrometry correction over the Herschel extragalactic wide fields for the first time. grizy fluxes are available on all fields with g band data reaching 5σ point-source depths in a 2 arcsec aperture of 23.5, 24.4, and 24.6 (AB) mag at the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, by area covered, across all HELP fields. It has K or K s coverage over 1146 deg. 2 with depth percentiles of 20.2, 20.4, and 21.0 mag respectively. The IRAC Ch 1 band is available over 273 deg. 2 with depth percentiles of 17.7, 21.4, and 22.2 mag respectively. This paper defines the "masterlist" objects for the first data release (DR1) of HELP. This large sample of standardised total and corrected aperture fluxes, uniform quality flags, and completeness measures provides large well understood statistical samples over the full Herschel extragalactic sky.
We report the discovery, spectroscopic confirmation, and mass modelling of the gravitationally lensed quasar system PS J0630−1201. The lens was discovered by matching a photometric quasar catalogue compiled from Pan-STARRS1 and WISE photometry to the Gaia DR1 catalogue, exploiting the high spatial resolution of the latter (FWHM ∼ 0. 1) to identify the three brightest component of the lensed quasar system. Followup spectroscopic observations with the WHT confirm the multiple objects are quasars at redshift z q = 3.34. Further follow-up with Keck AO high-resolution imaging reveals that the system is composed of two lensing galaxies and the quasar is lensed into a ∼2. 8 separation four-image cusp configuration with a fifth image clearly visible, and a 1. 0 arc due to the lensed quasar host galaxy. The system is well-modelled with two singular isothermal ellipsoids, reproducing the position of the fifth image. We discuss future prospects for measuring time delays between the images and constraining any offset between mass and light using the faintly detected Einstein arcs associated with the quasar host galaxy.
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