Three-dimensional vertical micro- and nanostructures can enhance the signal quality of multielectrode arrays and promise to become the prime methodology for the investigation of large networks of electrogenic cells. So far, access to the intracellular environment has been obtained via spontaneous poration, electroporation, or by surface functionalization of the micro/nanostructures; however, these methods still suffer from some limitations due to their intrinsic characteristics that limit their widespread use. Here, we demonstrate the ability to continuously record both extracellular and intracellular-like action potentials at each electrode site in spontaneously active mammalian neurons and HL-1 cardiac-derived cells via the combination of vertical nanoelectrodes with plasmonic optoporation. We demonstrate long-term and stable recordings with a very good signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, plasmonic optoporation does not perturb the spontaneous electrical activity; it permits continuous recording even during the poration process and can regulate extracellular and intracellular contributions by means of partial cellular poration.

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The application of ground-based radar interferometry for landslide monitoring is here analyzed: a case study based on an experimental campaign carried out in Italy in the year 2002 is discussed. Interferometric data obtained from coherent synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by means of C-band ground-based equipment are analyzed. The campaign was aimed at retrieving potential terrain movements of a small landslide observed hundreds of meters away. Critical aspects related to spatial and temporal decorrelation are discussed: the use of optical photogrammetry as a technique for evaluating mechanical stability and correcting geometric distortion is presented. A custom setup with optical targets fixed on the ground has been built around the radar in order to monitor antennas positioning and orientation respect to the landslide. An off-the shelf Nikon camera has been used and calibrated in the lab for taking into account its own optical distortions (radial, tangential and affine). Multi-image bundle adjustment has been used for increasing redundancy and lowering measurement uncertainty. A final post-processing for identifying the most probable outliers has been implemented, in order to take into account the error statistics for optimizing the final result. Results also confirmed that the application of ground-based radar interferometry can be attractive and effective if the acquired SAR images maintain an adequate coherence on different dates