In patients with recurrent AF episodes, risk stratification for thromboembolic events can be improved by combining CHADS(2) score with AF presence/duration.

In a cohort of patients with bradycardia and AF, arterial embolism was common in patients with ischemic cardiopathy, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and in patients with known stroke risk factors. Atrial fibrillation occurrences longer than one day were independently associated with embolic events.

In patients paced for bradycardia and suffering from AT, high intrapatient variability in AT burden was measured. Various models of therapy impact showed that, in crossover trials of AT therapies, time-related fluctuations in AT burden negatively impact on sample sizes and impair the ability to identify patients as responders or nonresponders.

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