Three types of sorbents were developed for the specific removal of atherogenic apoB-containing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lipoprotein LDL (a) (Lp[a]) from human plasma. Two sorbents contained monospecific sheep polyclonal or mouse monoclonal antibodies against human apoprotein B-100. The third one was intended for specific removal of Lp(a) and contains sheep antibodies against human Lp(a). Thirty patients were treated for up to 9 years by LDL apheresis with anti-LDL immunosorbents. A pilot study of Lp(a) apheresis with 3 patients was conducted during 3 years. The results showed that extracorporeal immunosorption is safe and effective for lowering LDL and Lp(a). These procedures may be used both for metabolic investigations and for studies on possible regression of atherosclerosis.
Plasmasorption on a heparin-based sorbent was performed in vitro. It demonstrated affinity of the C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins for the sorbent: C3a was removed almost completely (97%), and the C5a concentration decreased on average by 55%. The plasma level of C3a and C5a complement components was also monitored during the procedure of clinical extracorporeal low density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis on the sorbent in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. A two- to threefold increase in C3a (up to 1,500 ng/ml) was observed after plasma separation by the IBM 2997 cell sorter. Subsequent processing of the plasma through the column led to the low level of C3a detected (less than 50 ng/ml), demonstrating significant uptake of C3a by the sorbent column. The removed C3a was found in the eluate obtained after regeneration of the sorbent with 2 M NaCl solution. No significant increase in C5a was found during the procedure. Nevertheless, some C5a was detected in the eluate from the sorbent. The content of C3a and C5a in patients blood after the treatment was approximately the same as it was initially, 200-500 ng/ml for C3a and less than 10 ng/ml for C5a. The removal of C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins by heparin-based sorbent should be regarded as an advantage of this type of plasmasorbent.
Семейная гиперхолестеринемия является моногенным аутосомно-доминантным заболеванием, сопровождающимся значительным повышением уровня холестерина в крови и, как следствие, преждевременным развитием и прогрессирующим течением атеросклероза, как правило, в молодом возрасте. Пациенты с семейной гиперхолестеринемией, даже при отсутствии заболеваний, обусловленных атеросклерозом, относятся к группе высокого риска, а при их наличии-к группе очень высокого риска развития сердечно-сосудистых осложнений. Цель-разработка практических рекомендаций для врачей, определение критериев диагностики и современных подходов к лечению семейной гиперхолестеринемии. Материал и ВЕСТНИК СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ 2017 Том 10, вып. 2 73 В ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОМУ ВРАЧУ методы. В рекомендациях рассмотрены этапы оказания медицинской помощи данной группе пациентов в зависимости от возраста и пола. Результаты и их обсуждение. Для каждого этапа приведены возможные виды медицинской помощи. Представлен алгоритм выявления, ведения и лечения больных с семейной гиперхолестеринемией. Заключение. Представленные основные положения методических рекомендаций по организации медицинской помощи больным с семейной гиперхолестеринемией в субъектах Российской Федерации предназначены для врачей общей практики, врачей-педиатров, кардиологов, а также врачей других специальностей. Ключевые слова: семейная гиперхолестеринемия, холестерин липопротеидов низкой плотности, профилактика, атеросклероз, лечение.
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