A description is provided of the software algorithms developed for the CMS tracker both for reconstructing charged-particle trajectories in proton-proton interactions and for using the resulting tracks to estimate the positions of the LHC luminous region and individual primary-interaction vertices. Despite the very hostile environment at the LHC, the performance obtained with these algorithms is found to be excellent. For tt events under typical 2011 pileup conditions, the average trackreconstruction efficiency for promptly-produced charged particles with transverse momenta of p T > 0.9 GeV is 94% for pseudorapidities of |η| < 0.9 and 85% for 0.9 < |η| < 2.5. The inefficiency is caused mainly by hadrons that undergo nuclear interactions in the tracker material. For isolated muons, the corresponding efficiencies are essentially 100%. For isolated muons of p T = 100 GeV emitted at |η| < 1.4, the resolutions are approximately 2.8% in p T , and respectively, 10 µm and 30 µm in the transverse and longitudinal impact parameters. The position resolution achieved for reconstructed primary vertices that correspond to interesting pp collisions is 10-12 µm in each of the three spatial dimensions. The tracking and vertexing software is fast and flexible, and easily adaptable to other functions, such as fast tracking for the trigger, or dedicated tracking for electrons that takes into account bremsstrahlung.

Results on two-particle angular correlations for charged particles produced in pp collisions at a centerof-mass energy of 13 TeV are presented. The data were taken with the CMS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of about 270 nb −1 . The correlations are studied over a broad range of pseudorapidity (jηj < 2.4) and over the full azimuth (ϕ) as a function of charged particle multiplicity and transverse momentum (p T ). In high-multiplicity events, a long-range (jΔηj > 2.0), near-side (Δϕ ≈ 0) structure emerges in the two-particle Δη-Δϕ correlation functions. The magnitude of the correlation exhibits a pronounced maximum in the range 1.0 < p T < 2.0 GeV=c and an approximately linear increase with the charged particle multiplicity, with an overall correlation strength similar to that found in earlier pp data at ffiffi ffi s p ¼ 7 TeV. The present measurement extends the study of near-side long-range correlations up to charged particle multiplicities N ch ∼ 180, a region so far unexplored in pp collisions. The observed longrange correlations are compared to those seen in pp, pPb, and PbPb collisions at lower collision energies.

Measurements of the top quark-antiquark (tt) spin correlations and the top quark polarization are presented for tt pairs produced in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb −1 collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using events with two oppositely charged leptons (electrons or muons) and two or more jets, where at least one of the jets is identified as originating from a bottom quark. The spin correlations and polarization are measured from the angular distributions of the two selected leptons, both inclusively and differentially, with respect to the invariant mass, rapidity, and transverse momentum of the tt system. The measurements are unfolded to the parton level and found to be in agreement with predictions of the standard model. A search for new physics in the form of anomalous top quark chromo moments is performed. No evidence of new physics is observed, and exclusion limits on the real part of the chromo-magnetic dipole moment and the imaginary part of the chromo-electric dipole moment are evaluated.The central feature of the CMS apparatus is a superconducting solenoid of 6 m internal diameter, providing a magnetic field of 3.8 T. Within the solenoid volume are a silicon pixel and strip tracker, a lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter, and a brass and scintillator hadron calorimeter, each composed of a barrel and two endcap sections. Forward calorimeters extend the pseudorapidity coverage provided by the barrel and endcap detectors. Muons are measured in gas-ionization detectors embedded in the steel flux-return yoke outside the solenoid. The first level of the CMS trigger system, composed of custom hardware processors, uses information from the calorimeters and muon detectors to select the most interesting events in a fixed time interval of less than 4 µs. The high-level trigger processor farm further decreases the event rate from around 100 kHz to less than 1 kHz, before data storage. A more detailed description of the CMS detector, together with a definition of the coordinate system used and the relevant kinematic variables, can be found in Ref. [16]. Event samples 3.1 Object definition and event selectionEvents are selected using triggers that require the presence of at least two leptons (electrons or muons) with transverse momentum (p T ) greater than 17 GeV for the highest-p T lepton and 8 GeV for the second-highest p T lepton. The trigger efficiency per lepton, measured relative to the full offline lepton selection detailed in this section using a data sample of Drell-Yan (Z/γ → ) events, is about 98% (96%) for electrons (muons), with variations at the level of several percent depending on the pseudorapidity η and p T of the lepton. 3.2 Signal and background simulation 6 5 Event yields and measurements at the reconstruction level

A search is performed for the production of heavy resonances decaying into topantitop quark pairs in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 8 TeV. Data used for the analyses were collected with the CMS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb −1 . The search is performed using events with three different final states, defined by the number of leptons (electrons and muons) from the tt → WbWb decay. The analyses are optimized for reconstruction of top quarks with high Lorentz boosts, where jet substructure techniques are used to enhance the sensitivity. Results are presented for all channels and a combination is performed. No significant excess of events relative to the expected yield from standard model processes is observed. Upper limits on the production cross section of heavy resonances decaying to tt are calculated. A narrow leptophobic topcolor Z resonance with a mass below 2.4 TeV is excluded at 95% confidence level. Limits are also derived for a broad Z resonance with a 10% width relative to the resonance mass, and a Kaluza-Klein excitation of the gluon in the Randall-Sundrum model. These are the most stringent limits to date on heavy resonances decaying into top-antitop quark pairs. Published in Physical Review D asThe CMS experiment uses a particle-flow (PF) based event reconstruction [37,38], which aggregates input from all subdetectors. This information includes charged-particle tracks from the tracking system and deposited energy from the electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters, taking advantage of excellent granularity of the sub-systems. Particles are classified as electrons, muons, photons, charged hadrons, and neutral hadrons. Primary vertices are reconstructed using a deterministic annealing filter algorithm [39]. The vertex with the largest squared sum of the associated track p T values is taken to be the primary event vertex.Electrons are reconstructed in the pseudorapidity range |η| < 2.5, by combining tracking information with energy deposits in the electromagnetic calorimeter [40,41]. Electron candidates are required to originate from the primary event vertex. Electrons are identified using infor-6 5 Reconstruction of tt events B The CMS Collaboration

Doubly-charged Higgs bosons are searched for in e + e − collision data collected with the L3 detector at LEP at centre-of-mass energies up to 209 GeV. Final states with four leptons are analysed to tag the pair-production of doubly-charged Higgs bosons. No significant excess is found and lower limits at 95% confidence level on the doubly charged Higgs boson mass are derived. They vary from 95.5 GeV to 100.2 GeV, depending on the decay mode. Doubly-charged Higgs bosons which couple to electrons would modify the cross section and forward-backward asymmetry of the e + e − → e + e − process. The measurements of these quantities do not deviate from the Standard Model expectations and doubly-charged Higgs bosons with masses up to the order of a TeV are excluded.