A novel ZnIn 2 S 4 catalyst synthesized by hydrothermal method shows high and stable photocatalytic activity for water reduction under visible light illumination.In recent years photocatalytic water splitting using solar energy has received a great deal of attention because of the global energy and environmental problems. During the past decades many mixed oxide photocatalysts such as SrTiO 3 , 1 KNb 6 O 17 2 and NaTaO 3 3 have been reported to show high activity for overall water splitting. These photocatalysts, however, are effective only in the ultraviolet region due to their wide band gap. In order to improve the efficiency of utilizing the solar energy, the development of visible-light-driven photocatalysts for water splitting is indispensable. Unfortunately, the number of photocatalysts working under visible light irradiation is still limited. [4][5][6] In contrast to the metal oxide photocatalysts, many metal sulfides have the narrower band gaps that correspond to the visible light absorption. 7 The ternary sulfides with strong absorption in the visible region may be good candidates for photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen. But, it is commonly believed that metal sulfides are unstable during the photocatalytic reaction. Improving the stability of metal sulfide catalyst such as CdS for water splitting is challenging. A few efforts have been made, for example, by incorporating the nanoparticles of metal sulfide into the interlayer 8 or mesoporous silica 9 to stabilize the metal sulfides. The preparation procedure is complicated and the photocatalytic efficiency is still very low. It has recently been reported that multicomponent metal sulfide 7 and oxysulfide 4 show stable photocatalytic activity for water reduction and oxidation. These results imply that the multicomponent metal sulfide could be a new class of stable photocatalyst for water reduction.Zinc indium sulfide, ZnIn 2 S 4 , is a ternary chalcogenide which belongs to the family of ternary compound AB 2 X 4 . ZnIn 2 S 4 is a potential photoconducting material 10 and has been extensively applied to the electrochemical recording and photovariable capacitor. But, there is no report on the photocatalytic water reduction over the ternary compound of AB 2 X 4 . These compounds are conventionally prepared by the chemical transport method. 11 This method usually requires high temperature and high vacuum, as well as a transporting agent such as iodine. In this communication, we report a chemically stable ZnIn 2 S 4 photocatalyst prepared by a direct hydrothermal synthesis method. UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra shows that the absorption edge of ZnIn 2 S 4 is in the visible region, corresponding to the band gap of 2.3 eV. It is found that the ZnIn 2 S 4 shows high activity for photocatalytic water reduction under visible light (l > 420 nm) irradiation. More interestingly, the H 2 evolution rate gradually increases with prolonged photocatalytic reaction time. No deactivation is observed even after photocatalytic reaction for 150 h.The ZnS...

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Molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer lymph node metastasis remain unclear. Using single-cell sequencing, we investigated the transcriptome profile of 96,796 single cells from 15 paired samples of primary tumors and axillary lymph nodes. We identified nine cancer cell subclusters including CD44 + / ALDH2 + /ALDH6A1 + breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), which had a copy-number variants profile similar to that of normal breast tissue. Importantly, BCSCs existed only in primary tumors and evolved into metastatic clusters infiltrating into lymph nodes. Furthermore, transcriptome data suggested that NECTIN2-TIGIT-mediated interactions between metastatic breast cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) cells, which promoted immune escape and lymph node metastasis. This study is the first to delineate the transcriptome profile of breast cancer lymph node metastasis using single-cell RNA sequencing. Our findings offer novel insights into the mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis and have implications in developing novel therapies to inhibit the initiation of breast cancer metastasis.