A prevalence survey of diabetes mellitus was carried out in Tunisia on two random samples of households. The first sample (3826 adult subjects) was drawn from the Gouvernorat of Tunis, the second one (1787 adult subjects), was drawn from a rural area, the Gouvernorat of Siliana. The families were investigated at home and diabetes assessed on the basis of an interview (to determine known cases) and of fasting blood glucose level in subjects having no personal history of diabetes (new cases). Prevalence rates were estimated considering known cases and newly found ones together. Overall, the age-standardized prevalence rate was found to be much higher in the urban sample compared to the rural one, especially for women (4.6% versus 2.3% in men, 3.5% versus 0.6% in women). Diabetes was often associated with obesity, especially in men. Within the urban sample, the prevalence rate was similar in subjects born in Tunis and in those born in the rest of the country, thus mainly of rural extraction. In contrast, a family history of diabetes was more often reported in the former group. The results are consistent with other epidemiological findings, showing that a dramatic increase in diabetes morbidity parallels the rapid westernization of urban centres in developing countries.

Retrovesical location of hydatid cyst is rare and treatment is primarily surgical.

BackgroundSplenogonadal fusion is a rare and benign condition. Diagnosis is challenging for clinicians. Despite its indolence, diagnosis is often confirmed after orchidectomy. Surgery is mandatory, particularly to rule out the extremely rare association with malignancy.Case presentationWe report a case of splenogonadal fusion in a 38-year-old North African man presenting a palpable scrotal mass. We describe clinical aspects, pathogenic hypothesis, radiological features, as well as surgical management principles.ConclusionsSplenogonadal fusion is rarely suspected and diagnosed preoperatively. A diagnosis is made once an ectopic testicular mass is associated with cryptorchidism and suggestive radiological signs. A better knowledge of the clinical and radiological features of splenogonadal fusion provides an opportunity for conservative surgery.

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HighlightsCondom catheter is frequently used to manage male urinary incontinence but should not be used carelessly or overlooked.Even if they are rare, penile strangulation and gangrene may occur and are severe complications.Treatment is based on debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotics and skin grafting. It may result in partial or total penectomy.Proper care and routine maintenance of condom catheters are mandatory in order to prevent devastating complications.Appropriate care is necessary, especially in debilitated and psychiatric populations.