Background Orderly G2/M transition in the cell cycle is controlled by the cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin B (CDK1/CCNB) complex. We aimed to comprehensively investigate the roles of CDK1, CCNB1, and CCNB2 via multi-omics analysis and their relationships with immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Material/Methods The transcriptional data and the epigenetic and genetic alterations of CDK1 , CCNB1 , and CCNB2 , as well as their impacts on prognosis in HCC patients, were identified using multiple databases. The correlations between expression of these genes and immune infiltration in HCC were then explored using the TIMER database. Results Overall, mRNA expression of CDK1 , CCNB1 , and CCNB2 was up-regulated in various tumor tissues including HCC. Higher expression of these genes was associated with poorer prognosis in HCC patients. Lower promoter methylation of these genes might cause higher expression levels in tumor tissues of HCC. Genetic alterations and several methylated-CpG sites in these genes were significantly associated with survival. Notably, expression levels of CDK1 , CCNB1 , and CCNB2 were positively correlated with infiltrating levels of CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells in HCC. In addition, significant correlations between the expression of these genes and various immune markers in HCC, such as PD-1, PDL-1, and CTLA-4, were also observed. Conclusions CDK1 , CCNB1 , and CCNB2 are potential prognostic biomarkers and associated with immune cell infiltration in HCC. The genes may be utilized to predict the reaction of immunotherapy. Combining inhibitors of these genes with immunotherapy may improve the survival time of HCC patients.

Objective:Globally, China is among the ‘saltiest’ nations. In order to support current nationwide salt reduction initiatives, we investigated Chinese consumers’ knowledge, beliefs and behaviours related to salt intake and salt reduction.Design:A cross-sectional face-to-face survey was carried out, focusing on salt knowledge, beliefs and behaviours related to salt intake and salt reduction, perceptions of salt reduction responsibility and support for different national strategies.Setting:The survey was carried out in China mainland.Participants:Consumers (n 2444) from six of seven major geographical regions in China participated in the survey. After data cleaning, a sample of 2430 was included in the final analysis.Results:A majority of Chinese consumers believed that salt added during home cooking was the biggest contributor to their salt intake. Knowledge gaps existed in the awareness of salt hidden in certain foods and flavouring products. Chinese consumers in general were interested in lowering their salt intake. They were aware of salt reduction tools, but the adoption level was low. Consumers expressed strong support for promotion of salt-restriction spoons and public education, but not fiscal policies (e.g. salt-related tax or subsidies). In terms of individual differences, education status demonstrated a substantial impact on salt reduction knowledge and behaviour.Conclusions:There is still big room to ‘shake’ Chinese consumers’ salt habit. The present study provides important evidence and consumer insights to support China’s efforts to meet its salt reduction targets.

Background: Spontaneous tumor rupture is a distinctive disease pattern in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The application of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (srHCC) is debatable. Our study aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of srHCC vs. nrHCC and to test the role of postoperative HIPEC in patients with srHCC after hepatectomy.Methods: From 2014 to 2018, PSM was performed to compare 57 patients who performed liver resection for srHCC and met the research criteria with 57 nrHCC patients selected from 446 consecutive patients.Then patients with srHCC were divided into two groups according to whether they underwent HIPEC after hepatectomy.Results: After 1:1 PSM, the clinical characteristics of the patients with srHCC and nrHCC were comparable. In terms of long-term outcomes, the nrHCC group had significantly longer OS (P=0.026) and DFS (P<0.001) than the srHCC group. Of the 57 srHCC patients, the HIPEC group showed added complications compared to the non-HIPEC group, including an increased length of hospital stay and higher in-hospital costs. However, there were no significant differences in the metastatic patterns of these recurrent patients, and there was no statistically significant difference in DFS (P=0.28) or OS (P=0.56) between the two groups. Conclusions:The prognosis of ruptured HCC patients were worse than those of non-ruptured HCC patients. HIPEC may not be a robust treatment for srHCC now.