The LHCb experiment is dedicated to precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays of B hadrons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva). The initial configuration and expected performance of the detector and associated systems, as established by test beam measurements and simulation studies, is described.

The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE), which is under construction at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), will demonstrate the principle of ionization cooling as a technique for the reduction of the phase-space volume occupied by a muon beam. Ionization cooling channels are required for the Neutrino Factory and the Muon Collider. MICE will evaluate in detail the performance of a single lattice cell of the Feasibility Study 2 cooling channel. The MICE Muon Beam has been constructed at the ISIS synchrotron at RAL, and in MICE Step I, it has been characterized using the MICE beam-instrumentation system. In this paper, the MICE Muon Beam and beam-line instrumentation are described. The muon rate is presented as a function of the beam loss generated by the MICE target dipping into the ISIS proton beam. For a 1 V signal from the ISIS beam-loss monitors downstream of our target we obtain a 30 KHz instantaneous muon rate, with a neglible pion contamination in the beam.

In the MICE experiment at RAL the upstream time-of-flight detectors are used for particle identification in the incoming muon beam, for the experiment trigger and for a precise timing (σ t ∼ 50 ps) with respect to the accelerating RF cavities working at 201 MHz. The construction of the upstream section of the MICE time-of-flight system and the tests done to characterize its individual components are shown. Detector timing resolutions ∼ 50 − 60 ps were achieved. Test beam performance and preliminary results obtained with beam at RAL are reported.(submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods A) * Corresponding author: M. Bonesini, E-mail address: maurizio.bonesini@mib.infn.it + permanent address: Department of Physics, Oxford University, UK, Published by SIS-Pubblicazioni Laboratori Nazionali di FrascatiThe MICE experiment [1] at RAL (see figure 1 for a schematic layout) aims at a systematic study of a section of a cooling channel of a neutrino factory (νF ) [2]. The 5.5 m long cooling section consists of three liquid Hydrogen absorbers and eight 201 MHz RF cavities encircled by lattice solenoids.Different neutrino factory designs require a muon cooling factor from 2 to 16, over a ∼ 100 m distance. For a cooling section prototype of affordable size, a cooling factor ∼ 10% at most may be expected. A precision of ∼ 10% on the design of the whole cooling channel implies emittance measurements at a level of 0.1% on the cooling cell prototype, thus excluding conventional emittance measurement methods, that have errors around 10%.A method based on single particle measurements has been envisaged, to obtain such a level of precision. Particles are measured before and after the cooling section by two magnetic spectrometers complemented by time-of-flight (TOF) detectors. For each particle x, y, t, p x , p y , E coordinates are measured. In this way, for an ensemble of N particles, the input and output emittances may be determined accurately. The upstream MICE time-of-flight systemIn the MICE experiment, precision timing measurements are required to relate the time of the incoming beam muons to the phase of the accelerating field in each RF cavity and simultaneously for particle identification (PID) by a TOF method. Three time-of-flight detectors (TOF0, TOF1, TOF2) are foreseen. The last two (TOF1 and TOF2) are at the entrance and the exit of the MICE cooling channel; the first one (TOF0) instead is placed about 10 m upstream of its entrance. Figure 1 shows a layout of the full MICE cooling channel with the foreseen positions of the TOF detectors. The upstream TOF detectors (TOF0, TOF1) must separate the pion contamination of the muon beam at low momenta (below ∼ 210 MeV/c) and are used for the experiment trigger. All TOF detectors are used to determine the time coordinate (t) in the measurement of the emittance.The TOF stations share a common design based on two planes of fast one-inch scintillator counters along X/Y directions (to increase measurement redundancy) read at both edges by R4998 Hamamatsu fast photomult...

A novel single-particle technique to measure emittance has been developed and used to characterise seventeen different muon beams for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE). The muon beams, whose mean momenta vary from 171 to 281 MeV/c, have emittances of approximately 1.2-2.3 π mm-rad horizontally and 0.6-1.0 π mm-rad vertically, a horizontal dispersion of 90-190 mm and momentum spreads of about 25 MeV/c. There is reasonable agreement between the measured parameters of the beams and the results of simulations. The beams are found to meet the requirements of MICE.

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