Antiretroviral therapy (ART) during the earliest stage of acute HIV infection (Fiebig I) might minimize establishment of a latent HIV reservoir and thereby facilitate viremic control after analytical treatment interruption (ATI). We show that 8 participants, who initiated treatment during Fiebig I and were treated for a median of 2.8 years, all experienced rapid viral load rebound following ATI, indicating that additional strategies are required to control or eradicate HIV.

Early ART resulted in very low levels of markers of HIV persistence and undetectable HIV-specific immune responses in the majority of HIV-infected children who started ART before 6 months of age.

has received a speaker fee from Gilead Sciences. Nicolas Chomont has served on the scientific advisory board of Theravectys. Jintanat Ananworanich has participated in advisory meetings for ViiV Healthcare, Merck, AbbVie, Gilead, and Roche. The remaining authors report no relevant conflicts of interest. DATA SHARING STATEMENT The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF) and the U.S. Department of the Army are committed to safeguarding the privacy of research participants. De-identified participant-level data and accompanying research resources are available upon request. Distribution of data will require compliance with all applicable regulatory and ethical processes, including establishment and approval of an appropriate data-sharing agreement. The research protocol, informed consent documents, and instructions for submitting data requests can be found at https://www.hivresearch.org/RV397_Protocol.

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