Adaptive optics imaging of the retina has recently proven its capability to image micrometric structures such as blood vessels, involved in common ocular diseases. In this paper, we propose an approach for automatically segmenting the walls of retinal arteries in the images acquired with this technology. The walls are modeled as four curves approximately parallel to a previously detected reference line located near the vessel center (axial reection). These curves are rst initialized using a tracking procedure and then more accurately positioned using an active contour model embedding a parallelism constraint. We consider both healthy and pathological subjects in the same framework and show that the proposed method applies in all cases. Extensive experiments are also proposed, by analyzing the robustness of the axial reections detection, the inuence of the tracking parameters as well as the performance of the tracking and the active contour model. Noticeably, the results show a good robustness for detecting axial reections and a moderate inuence of the tracking parameters. Compared to a naive initialization, the active contour model coupled with the tracking also oers faster convergence and better accuracy while keeping an overall error smaller or very near the inter-physicians error.

We describe the frequency, demographic and clinical features, and visual outcomes of ocular syphilis infections observed during 2012–2015 at a tertiary reference center in Paris, France. Twenty-one cases (29 eyes) were identified. The occurrence of ocular syphilis increased from 1 case in 2012 to 5 cases in 2013, 6 cases in 2014, and 9 cases in 2015 (2.22–25.21/1,000 individual patients/year for the period). Among case-patients, an annual 20%–33% were co-infected with HIV. Seventy-six percent of ocular syphilis infections occurred in men who have sex with men. Seventy-five percent of case-patients had a good final visual outcome (best-corrected visual acuity >0.3 logMAR score). Visual outcome was worse for HIV-positive patients than for HIV-negative patients (p = 0.0139). At follow-up, the best visual outcomes were observed in patients whose mean time from first ocular symptom to consultation was 15 days (SD +19 days).

To monitor perivascular sheathing during the course of retinal vasculitis by flood illumination adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy (AOO). Methods: Perivenous sheathing and venous diameters were quantitatively analyzed by semi-automatic segmentation of AOO images in 12 eyes of treatment-naive patients with retinal vasculitis. Results: The width of venous sheathing ranged from 45 to 225µm (mean 101.0 µm ± 54.3). In 10 cases, the underlying vein showed focal narrowing (mean ± SD 14% ± 10). Focal narrowing of arteries was also present in one eye. At presentation, width of sheathing and vessel diameters were not correlated with fluorescein leakage. During follow-up, 5 eyes showed an increase in vein diameter or resolution of narrowing and in 10 eyes a thinning of vascular sheathing was observed (p=0.003).