No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Cambios en la cubierta vegetal, usos de la tierra y escenarios futuros en la región costera del estado de Oaxaca, MéxicoLand use/cover change, and future scenarios in the coastal region of Oaxaca state, Mexico ResumenEl estado de Oaxaca es considerado como uno de los hot spots mexicanos más importantes no solo por la enorme riqueza y biodiversidad que alberga, sino también, por la creciente transformación de sus bosques y selvas que amenazan la integridad y permanencia de estos ecosistemas tropicales. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron analizar los cambios en la cubierta vegetal y el uso de la tierra en dos municipios de la región costera del estado de Oaxaca en el periodo 2000-2011, conocer sus causas y modelizar los escenarios futuros de dichas transformaciones al 2025. El estudio se basó en la comparación espacio-temporal de mapas de vegetación y uso de la tierra, derivados de la interpretación de imágenes de satélite Spot y Landsat ETM+. Una vez establecidas las tendencias de los cambios en la cubierta vegetal (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011), se definieron los escenarios futuros y la proyección de los cambios en la cubierta vegetal al año 2025, utilizando para ello un modelo espacialmente explícito. Los resultados obtenidos indican que en once años en la región se deforestaron 18 403 ha de selvas, 369 ha de bosques y 421 ha de manglares. De continuar esta tendencia, para el 2025 se habrán perdido 37 937 ha de selvas, 650 ha de bosques y 885 ha de manglares. Ante este escenario es fundamental definir estrategias que permitan la conservación de los ecosistemas y al mismo tiempo mejoren las condiciones de vida de los habitantes de esta región.Palabras clave: cambio de uso del suelo, deforestación, dinámica ego, modelación. AbstRActOaxaca state is considered one of the most important Mexican hot spots because of the huge richness and diversity it contains, and the increasing conversion of forests and tropical forest that threatens the integrity and stability of these tropical ecosystems. The objectives of this study were to analyze changes in land cover and land use in two municipalities of the coastal region of Oaxaca State for 2000-2011, to understand their causes and to model future scenarios of such transformations to 2025. The study was based in the spatial-temporal mapping of vegetation and land use, derived from satellite images Spot and Landsat ETM+. Once trends of changes in land cover (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011) were established, scenarios to 2025 established by a spatially explicit model. The results indicate that 18 403 ha were deforested in the rain forests in eleven years, 369 ha of temperate forests and 421 ha of mangroves. If this trend continues in 2025, 37 937 ha of rain forests 650 ha and 885 ha of mangrove forests will be lost. Given this scenario it is essential to define strategies for the conservation of ecosystems and to simultaneously improve the living conditions of the inhabitants of this region.

Interest in invasive species has increased around the world over the last several decades. In Mexico, studies on invasive species date as early as 1939 and the number of publications has increased considerably in recent decades. However, to our knowledge, the analysis of information gaps and research priorities is lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to identify gaps in the knowledge of invasive species in order to define future research priorities and focus conservation efforts. We assessed the current state of knowledge of biological invasions in Mexico based on the existing literature. Our aim was to identify in which areas information is absent or insufficient and which areas should be prioritised. We identified a total of 869 references. The number of references increased over time and the topics were strongly biased towards two areas: 1) natural history and geographical distribution patterns and 2) effects on native biota and ecosystems. The remaining topics were only moderately or poorly studied. Most studies focused on vascular plants (n = 280) and fishes (n = 174). Notably, a large portion of the references (n = 215) focused on only eight invasive alien species, including their ecological and socioeconomic impacts. Only 95 references examined the effects of alien species on biodiversity; these studies were mainly carried out on islands (n = 41) or in terrestrial or freshwater ecosystems in protected natural areas (n = 165). The findings of the present review can guide future studies in filling in the existing research gaps on biological invasions. Additionally, future studies should aim to define national priorities of the impacts of biological invasions and to promote the prevention and control of alien species by considering the distinct vectors and pathways of introduction and movement.