The bacterial endosymbiont of the deep-sea tube worm Riftia pachyptila has never been successfully cultivated outside its host. In the absence of cultivation data we have taken a proteomic approach based on the metagenome sequence to study the metabolism of this peculiar microorganism in detail. As one result, we found that three major sulfide oxidation proteins constitute ~12% of the total cytosolic proteome, highlighting the essential role of these enzymes for the symbiont's energy metabolism.Unexpectedly, the symbiont uses the reductive tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in addition to the previously identified Calvin cycle for CO 2 fixation.