ObjectiveTo identify the risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) in patients undergoing elective resection of the colon and rectum. Summary Background DataSSI causes a substantial number of deaths and complications. Determining risk factors for SSI may provide information on reducing complications and improving outcome.

In our retrospective study high-grade lymphoma was the only significant adverse prognostic factor for survival. Receiving adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved survival in patients with Stage II disease. Patients with diffuse large-cell type had better survival than patients with small noncleaved-cell type in Stage II high-grade lymphoma.

Chemokine CCL5/RANTES is highly expressed in cancer where it contributes to inflammation and malignant progression. In this study, we show that CCL5 plays a critical role in immune escape in colorectal cancer. We found that higher levels of CCL5 expression in human and murine colon tumor cells correlated with higher levels of apoptosis of CD8þ T cells and infiltration of T-regulatory cells (T reg ). In mouse cells, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of CCL5 delayed tumor growth in immunocompetent syngeneic hosts but had no effect on tumor growth in immunodeficient hosts. Reduced tumor growth was correlated with a reduction in T reg infiltration and CD8þ T-cell apoptosis in tumors. Notably, we found that CCL5 enhanced the cytotoxicity of T reg against CD8 þ T cells. We also found tumor growth to be diminished in mice lacking CCR5, a CCL5 receptor, where a similar decrease in both T reg cell infiltration and CD8 þ T-cell apoptosis was noted. TGF-b signaling blockade diminished apoptosis of

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Preoperative NLR influenced the disease-free survival in patients with stages I to III CRC. Elevated NLR (>3) was associated with worse outcome (5-year disease-free survival 66.3  % vs. 78.9  % in colon cancer, P < 0.001; 60. 5 % vs. 66.2  % in rectal cancer, P = 0.008). The difference was larger in colon cancer than in rectal cancer. NLR should be considered as a prognostic factor for stages I to III CRC patients after curative surgery.