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White adipose tissue (WAT) has a critical role in lipid handling. Previous work demonstrated that SCD1 is an important regulator of WAT fatty acid (FA) composition; however, its influence on the various interconnected pathways influencing WAT lipid handling remains unclear. Our objective was to investigate the role of SCD1 on WAT lipid handling using knockout (KO) mice and SCD1-inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocytes by measuring gene, protein, and metabolite markers related to FA reesterification, glyceroneogenesis, and lipolysis. Triacylglycerol (TAG) content was higher in inguinal WAT (iWAT) from KO mice compared with wild-type, but significantly lower in epididymal WAT (eWAT). The SCD1 desaturation index was decreased in both WAT depots in KO mice. FA reesterification, as measured with a NEFA:glycerol ratio, was reduced in both WAT depots in KO mice, as well as SCD1-inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocytes., , and gene expression was reduced in both WAT depots of KO mice, while and gene expression showed depot-specific regulation. ,, and gene expression was reduced, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase protein content was ablated, in SCD1-inhibited adipocytes. Our data provide evidence that SCD1 has a broad impact on WAT lipid handling by altering TAG composition in a depot-specific manner, reducing FA reesterification, and regulating markers of lipolysis and glyceroneogenesis.

Dietary protein affects energy balance by decreasing food intake (FI) and increasing energy expenditure through diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) in adults. Our objective was to investigate the effects of increasing the dietary protein in an isocaloric breakfast on subjective appetite, FI, blood glucose, and DIT in 9–14 y children. Two randomized repeated measures designs were used. In experiment 1, 17 children (9 boys, 8 girls) consumed isocaloric meals (450 kcal) on four separate mornings containing: 7 g (control), 15 g (low protein, LP), 30 g (medium protein, MP) or 45 g (high protein, HP) of protein. Blood glucose and subjective appetite were measured at baseline and regular intervals for 4 h, and FI was measured at 4 h. In experiment 2, 9 children (6 boys, 3 girls) consumed the control or HP breakfast on two separate mornings, and both DIT and subjective appetite were determined over 5 h. In experiment 1, all dietary protein treatments suppressed subjective appetite compared to control (p < 0.001), and the HP breakfast suppressed FI compared with the LP breakfast and control (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, DIT was higher after HP than control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing the dietary protein content of breakfast had favorable effects on satiety, FI, and DIT in children.

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