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Histopathologically, hyalinization and necrosis were found in '0B-treated tumours, while tumour tissue injected with saline or saline-containing immunoliposomes showed neither destruction nor necrosis. These results suggest that intratumoral injection of boronated immunoliposomes can increase the retention of '0B atoms by tumour cells, causing tumour growth suppression in vivo upon thermal neutron irradiation. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) with intratumoral injection of immunoliposomes is able to destroy malignant cells in the marginal portion between normal tissues and cancer tissues from the side of 4He generation.

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The effect of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is correlated with the density of boron in the tumour. BNCT using intra-arterial administration of boron compounds was performed for recurrent head and neck cancer. Of the five patients treated, one achieved a complete response and four achieved a partial response. There was one case of transient headache but no severe adverse effects were observed. The advantages of using an intra-arterial administration route for BNCT, which causes the selective killing of tumour cells, might offer a new option in the treatment of recurrent head and neck malignancies. These promising results require further verification and optimization of the BNCT schedule; however, dose escalation would appear to be justified because the toxicity appears to be very low.