Molecular layer-by-layer (mLbL) assembled thin-film composite membranes fabricated by alternating deposition of reactive monomers on porous supports exhibit both improved salt rejection and enhanced water flux compared to traditional reverse osmosis membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization. Additionally, the well-controlled structures achieved by mLbL deposition further lead to improved antifouling performance.

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The facile tuning of the gate size and the chemical functionalization of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) were achieved by the postsynthetic modification with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. The resulting amine functionalized ZIF-8 particles enabled CO2 selective adsorption and further chemical modifications.