Semiconductor‐based X‐ray detectors with low detectable thresholds become critical in medical radiography applications. However, their performance is generally limited by intrinsic defects or unresolved issues of materials, and developing a novel scintillation semiconductor for low‐dose X‐ray detection is a highly urgent objective. Herein, a high‐quality rare‐earth iodate Tm(IO3)3 single crystal grown through low‐cost solution processing is reported with a wide bandgap of 4.1 eV and a large atomic number of 53.2. The roles of IO and TmO groups for charge transport in the Tm(IO3)3 are revealed with the structural difference between the [101] and false[true1¯01false]$[{\bar{1}}01]$ crystal orientations. Based on anisotropic responses of material properties and detection performances, it is found that the [true1¯01${\bar{1}}01$] orientation, the path with fewer IO groups, achieves a high resistivity of 1.02 × 1011 Ω cm. Consequently, a single‐crystal detector exhibits a low dark current and small baseline drifting due to the wide bandgap, high resistivity and less ion migration of Tm(IO3)3, resulting in a low detection limit of 85.2 nGyair s−1. An excellent X‐ray imaging performance with a high sensitivity of 4406.6 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 is also shown in the Tm(IO3)3 device. These findings provide a new material design perspective for high‐performance X‐ray imaging applications.
A schematic presentation of the mechanisms of red-shifted and blue-shifted luminescence in (Ca1−xBax)5(PO4)3Cl:Eu2+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) solid-solution phosphors.
As
emerging materials for capacitor applications, antiferroelectric
(AFE) materials possess high energy storage density. AFE single crystals
are conducive to studying the physical mechanism of AFE response.
However, the preparation of AFE single crystals is a huge and long-standing
challenge. Herein, we report the effect of Na/La codoping on the energy
storage properties and phase transition of Pb(Lu1/2Nb1/2)O3 (PLN) AFE single crystals. An enhanced recoverable
energy storage density of 4.81 J/cm3 with a high energy
efficiency of 82.36% is obtained, which is much larger than that of
the PbZrO3- and PLN-based AFE crystals. Two superlattice
reflections, which stem from the A-site Pb2+ ions and the
ordered B-site ions, are identified by X-ray diffraction and selected-area
electron diffraction. The domain structures demonstrated a high temperature
stability of the AFE phase. A secondary ferroelectric phase transition
is induced after codoping, resulting in a sharp improvement of polarization
(12.5 μC/cm2), which contributes to the enormous
enhancement of energy storage density. This multiphase transition
is explained using the modified Ginzburg–Landau–Devonshire
phenomenology.
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