No abstract

Reversing or aborting the increase in allergic and other immunerelated noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the Western world, first observed for allergic rhinitis from the 1890s, 1 requires priat, or in collaboration with (in Sweden), the 3 participating hospitals were eligible, provided sufficient language skills. Women carrying more than 2 fetuses, fetuses with severe malformations or disease and infants born prior to 35.0 weeks of GA, were excluded.All infants were randomized at birth to 1 of 4 similar sized groups: (1) no intervention; (2) skin care (oil-bath at least 5 days per week from 0.5 to 9 months of age); (3) consecutive introduction, between 3 and 4 months of age, of peanut, milk, wheat, and egg at least 4 days per week complementary to breastfeeding; or (4) both interventions. Weekly electronic diaries (2-26 weeks of age) recorded skin care, infant feeding, and symptoms of allergic diseases.Adverse events (0-12 months of age) elicited relevant investigations and treatment by direct access for the participants to the local pediatric department.Data collection (Figure 1, Table S1) includes electronic questionnaires with information of health and disease in the mother, child, and family; lifestyle; environment; stress; quality of life; diet in the mother and offspring; clinical investigations; fetal and child anthropometrics; lung function; skin barrier; allergy; and blood pressure

BackgroundDry skin, associated with increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), is found to precede atopic dermatitis (AD) in childhood. ObjectiveWe aimed to identify parental, prenatal and perinatal predictive factors of dry skin, high TEWL and AD at 3 months of age, and to determine if dry skin or high TEWL at 3 months can predict AD at 6 months. MethodsFrom the Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and Allergies in children (PreventADALL) prospective birth cohort study, we included 1150 mother-child pairs. Dry skin, TEWL and eczema were assessed at 3-and 6 months investigations. Eczema, used as a proxy for AD, was defined as the presence of eczematous lesions, excluding differential diagnoses to AD. High TEWL was defined as TEWL > 90 th percentile, equalling 11.3 g/m 2 /h. Potential predictive factors were recorded from electronic questionnaires at 18-and 34-week pregnancy and obstetric charts. ResultsSignificant predictive factors (p<0.05) for dry skin at 3 months were delivery > 38 gestational weeks and paternal age > 37 years, for high TEWL; male sex, birth during winter season and maternal allergic disease, and for eczema; elective caesarean section, multiparity, and maternal allergic diseases. Dry skin without eczema at 3 months was predictive for eczema at 6 months, (ORadjusted: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.21-3.05, p=0.005), while high TEWL at 3 months was not. ConclusionIn early infancy, distinct parental and pregnancy-related factors were predictive for dry skin, high TEWL and AD. Dry skin at 3 months of age was predictive for AD three months later.